SEIZING BRAZIL’ S URBAN OPPORTUNITY - PRIORITISING URBAN TRANSPORT AND HOUSING INVESTMENTS

As late June 2021, the country had the third-highest case count in the world and well over 500,000 deaths, with the crisis deepened by a slow vaccine rollout.22 The country’s GDP shrank by an estimated 4.5% in 2020, and is expected to only partly recover in 2021.23 The government’s debt burden grew by 15 percentage points, to 91.4% of GDP, creating pressure to limit public spending.24 In the third. [...] The 2015 Statute of the Metropolis encourages the creation of multi-purpose metropolitan authorities, but the potential of this new institutional framework has yet to be realised.71 The implementation of the National Regional Development Policy (PNDR),72 launched in 2019, and the forthcoming National Urban Development Policy (PNDU), both under the purview of the Ministry of Regional Development, o. [...] The third modelling exercise that informed our analysis was by the Marron Institute of Urban Management at New York University, which examined the scale and composition of the conversion of land to urban purposes in each of the six countries in the period 2000–2014. [...] • Building on existing plans and policies, including the City Statute, the Statute of the Metropolis, the National Urban Mobility Policy, the National Regional Development Policy, the National Climate Change Policy and the National Adaptation Plan, among others. [...] The share of fossil fuels in the power mix was 8.7% in 2000, 23.3% in 2015, and 15.1% in 2019, the latter reflecting increases in the shares of hydro, wind, and solar.