POLICY BRIEF 2 - Pax Africana and Africa’s Post-Cold War Security Architecture: Peacemaking, Peacekeeping,

Introduction The University of Pretoria’s Centre for the Advancement of Scholarship (CAS) in South Africa; the Nordic Africa Institute (NAI) in Uppsala, Sweden; and the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS) offi ce in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, convened a high-level policy dialogue on “Pax Africana and Africa’s Post-Cold War Security Architecture: Peacemaking, Peacekeeping, and Peacebuilding.” The meeting wa. [...] The European Union has been the largest external funder of peace and security initiatives in Africa, contributing 90 per cent of the funds to the AU-managed African Peace Facility (APF) between 2004 and 2022, to the tune of Є3.2 billion. [...] The case of the US and France in protecting Morocco in the Western Sahara dispute was cited as having stalled implementation of the UN peace accord since 1991. [...] Southern Africa highlights the importance of the consent of confl ict parties, organisational learning, and the capacity of the UN leadership to adapt to changing dynamics. [...] Successful peacekeeping in Mozambique and Namibia was closely tied to the commitment of domestic parties to resolve the confl ict and implement peace agreements, while Angolan warlord, Jonas Savimbi, acted as a “spoiler” in rejecting the outcome of the 1992 election.