Target 3 INCENTIVES REFORMED

Target 3 INCENTIVES REFORMED By 2020, at the latest, incentives, including subsidies, harmful to biodiversity are eliminated, phased out or reformed in order to minimize or avoid negative impacts, and positive incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity are developed and applied, consistent and in harmony with the Convention and other relevant international obligations, tak. [...] Reported challenges to exceed by a factor of 100 or more the amount to reaching this target were limited capacity, spent on measures to combat deforestation.4 funding and legislative action, vested interests in Elements of government support to agriculture maintaining current incentive schemes, and diffi- that are potentially most harmful to the environment culties in upscaling pilot projects. [...] declined significantly in value in the 1990s and in the Overall, little progress has been made over first decade of this century, but there is no evidence the past decade in eliminating, phasing out or of progress in the past decade, with this support reforming incentives potentially harmful to biodi- remaining well above $100 billion (Figure 3.1).5 versity. [...] Where while the increase in total subsidies that occurred in information is available, the indications are that earlier decades appears to have halted since 2009, the value of subsidies that are harmful or poten- the value of harmful incentives as a proportion tially harmful to biodiversity greatly exceeds the of all fishing subsidies actually increased between finance that is allocated to promote. [...] Some lost revenues due to mismanagement of fisheries Parties also reported on efforts to encourage local amounted to $83 billion in 2012.7 land management, the provision of compensation Despite increased subsidies for clean energy, for the reduction of harmful activities, and actions fossil-fuel support remains high, at $478 billion in to recognize indigenous and local land use rights.