While the ‘widening versus deepening’ debate has been present for decades, the need for the EU to be In June 2022, the European Council granted candidacy ‘enlargement-ready’ was formalised by the European status to Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova and in Council (1993) through the Copenhagen Criteria: “The December 2022 to Bosnia and Herzegovina. [...] While deepening the Union is the subject of much of the report, the Working Group considers a model of Indeed, current debates are reminiscent of the ones that concentric circles as the best way to widen the EU which preceded the 2004 ‘big bang’ enlargement, when the EU would simultaneously allow for its deepening. [...] The EEA negotiated between the EU and the EFTA countries at the time of the completion of Finally, in the concept of graduated or staged integration the internal market had initially served the purpose of (Grabitz 1984, especially 25-30), the member states share avoiding membership applications. [...] Conclusion: differentiation and future EU enlargement As this review shows, there is a lot of déjà vu in the current debate of differentiated integration in the context of The EU is still struggling to find the proper recipe to future EU enlargement. [...] Views expressed in the College of Europe Policy Briefs are those of the authors only and do not necessarily reflect positions of either the series editors or the College of Europe.
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