RELAUNCHING AMMONIA FROM FERTILIZER TO ENERGY CARRIER IN NORTHWEST EUROPE

To further reduce these in future, plants in the region look into three primary 9 strategies: the continual modernization and improvement of the carbon efficiency of existing installations, the integration of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technol- ogy, and the production of ammonia from renewable energy sources. [...] While for the last hundred years ammonia has been val- ued for the nitrogen portion of the molecule, currently there is an increasing interest in the hydrogen portion of the ammonia molecule, as a result of the energy transi- tion. [...] One of the main reasons ammonia has captured the attention of the energy sector, is the possibility to leverage the existing infrastructure of the nitrogen fertilizer indus- try. [...] The final investment decision is planned for 2025 and the plant is expected to enter full operation in 2029.28 2.2 THE EFFECT OF THE ENERGY CRISIS OF 2022 ON THE INDUSTRY The year 2022 has been an extremely challenging year for the fertilizer industry in Northwest Europe. [...] The expansion will be completed by the end of 2023, enabling up to 3 Mt of ammonia imports per year.58 • OCI’s final investment decision for the first phase of its ammonia import terminal expansion in the Port of Rotterdam in the Netherlands.