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This case study brings together climate and conflict in the Horn of Africa and seeks to contribute: (a) A summary of the science on the linkages between climate change/environmental degradation and violent conflict in the region; and (b) An overview of how the EU and European actors are engaging on climate security in the Horn. [...] Over the past half century, the region has experienced a series of devastating famines, all occurring at the nexus of drought and conflict - Ethiopia in the 1980s, Somalia in the 1990s, Darfur in the mid-2000’s, and again Somalia in 2011. [...] Droughts in the 1970s and 1980s strained relations between the nomads and the farmers, and when southern Sudan rebelled, the Khartoum government coopted the Rezaigat nomads by bringing them into the ranks of the brutal Janjaweed militia and setting them against the rebelling Fur and Masalit communities. [...] In another instance of the potential deadly confluence of climate change and violence – a desert locust outbreak is sweeping through the Horn of Africa, encouraged by unseasonably warm weather; by a series of cyclones in the Arabian Peninsula and Somalia that have encouraged above average breeding; and by the civil war’s damage of Yemen’s locust CLIMATE CHANGE AND SECURITY IN THE HORN OF AFRICA -. [...] The effects of climate change or climate variability seem to be omnipresent in the Horn of Africa, and because of the fragility of the region and vulnerability of people and households, the impacts are magnified (for example, a weather 10 GCCA+ website: Factsheet – resilience-most-vulnerable-countries; and programme listing by country –.