M IGRATIO N P RO GRAM M E - Legal labor migration:

The COVID-19 pandemic, combined with the increased automation adoption, also triggered a shift in the labour market within the EU, influencing the job vulnerability of low and middle-skilled workers. [...] There are two notable examples of the EU’s commitment, the Single Permit Directive (2011/98/EU) and the Long-term Resident Directive (2003/109/EC), both of which were revisited in 2022, after the COVID-19 pandemic, as to be adjusted to the new needs of the European Union’s labour market and boost its attractiveness. [...] The European Commission, in 2020 and within the framework of announcing the new Pact on Migration and Asylum, noted its intention to address shortcomings in the application of the LTRD and further align the rules with the goal of attracting necessary skills and talent to the EU. [...] In order to bypass the system, they hire foreign workers informally selecting them from those already in the country rather than recruiting from abroad and waiting for the release of the Flows Decree (concerning the programming of entries in Italy) to proceed with a fixed call from abroad and regularise the employment relationship. [...] Morocco Agreement on Labor between the Kingdom of 02/07/2001 Temporary Contract Spain and the Kingdom of Morocco Work Dominican Agreement between the King of Spain and the 17/12/2001 Temporary Contract Republic Dominican Republic on the management and Work regulation of migratory labor flows Mauritania Agreement between the King of Spain and the 25/07/2007 Temporary Contract Islamic Republic of Ma.