In fact, many companies in Carolyn Farquhar of the University of Ottawa’s Institute for the Environment and other sectors of the economy are also adopting the practice in order to better understand Pamela Laughland of the Network for their dependency on natural capital, which may not otherwise be obvious. [...] A United Nations-backed study estimated the annual economic loss of the earth’s natural capital due to resource extraction and environmental degradation at between US$2 trillion and US$4.5 trillion.1 With more than 200 companies from around the globe and from various economic sectors and points of the value chain employing NCA,2 there are a number of different "We use nature because it’s valuable, [...] This Policy Brief looks at four case studies of companies leading the effort to implement NCA in order to demonstrate the variety of approaches in use – and to show that NCA is helping companies find new ways to innovate, collaborate and ensure the sustainability of their business.3 There are roles for business leaders and public policy decision-makers to further its development and implementation [...] Generally speaking, a company’s level and type of natural capital dependency are the primary determinants of what scope to adopt and thus what impacts to measure – and how to ultimately use the findings from the NCA. [...] The innovations demonstrated by the two Canadian companies, TD and Teck, center on the maintenance, creation or re-creation of natural capital following the measurement of the environmental impacts of their business operations.