K - NOMAD PAPER 61

Ultimately the beneficiaries of migration are hardly ever the individual migrant, but rather the multiple players involved in the migration and employment cycle ranging from the recruitment agency, the employer, the client and the countries of origin and destination. [...] The recruitment agency likely charges a fee post-issuance of the initial job offer making claims of the lucrative pay a migrant can earn and the only next step is to pay the agency a charge to lock in this job. [...] Generally, two copies are made – one for the employee and one for the employer.8 This is the primary document that is legally binding and received at the final stage, once the migrant arrives in the country of destination. [...] A survey carried out in 2019, indicates that only about 6% of migrants receive the same terms of employment in the contracts as promised prior to departure to the Middle East.9 Each of the three documents serves as a layer of obfuscation between reality and the initial promise made to the aspiring migrant. [...] The client, being the final recipient and beneficiary, is often held accountable for any issues that may affect workers within their supply chains by international media and civil society, as seen by criticism of Qatar’s Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy for the labor conditions of the workers involved in the construction of stadiums for the 2022 World Cup12.