Real-world fuel consumption and electricity consumption of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles - 2023

With the increase in the number of electric vehicles, the electric net capacity and congestion, the energy use of electric vehicles is of increasing concern. [...] The effects of the introduction of E10 or the lowering of the speed limits on the motorway can be quantified in this way. [...] Since 2019 the gap between the type-approval and real world fuel consumption, as is the topic of this study, also has the attention of the European Commission. [...] 2.1 European control of factory values The systematic gaps between the CO2 results reported by the manufacturer, on both the NEDC and the WLTP, and the results of independent tests by institutes like TNO, raised the concerns that a better laboratory test will not reduce the flexibility in testing available to the manufacturer. [...] In the last couple of years the COP, i.e., Conformity of Production, testing at the factory as part of quality control, was the only check of the declared CO2 value, but it seemed to be used by the manufacturers to strategically under- and overreport CO2 values during the transition from NEDC-based to WLTP-based manufacturer targets for new registrations.