We find that the GHG impact of direct hydrogen blending in natural gas for consumption in ICE vehicles is limited by the source of the hydrogen, the efficiency of natural gas-fueled trucks, and the relatively low energy density of hydrogen. [...] Vehicle production and recycling primarily involve three categories of components: the battery of the battery electric HDVs, the hydrogen system of fuel cell HDVs, and the rest of the vehicle (glider and powertrain). [...] For BEVs, this study assesses the GHG emissions of both the grid-average upstream GHG emissions of electricity sourced from the average grid mix in India, as well as the life-cycle emissions attributable to renewable electricity sources. [...] However, by adjusting the projected change in the electricity grid from the IEA’s STEPS model to the more ambitious Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS)—which projects a decline of coal in the grid to 30% by 2030 and 5% by 2040—the estimated GHG benefits of BEV HDVs would increase in turn. [...] Moreover, the GHG impact of hydrogen blending is highly conditional on the efficiency of the vehicle and the source of hydrogen.
- Pages
- 30
- Published in
- United States of America
