Additional Methodology

Countries that achieve the same combined score hold the same position in the global ranking, such as Luxembourg and Israel, which are jointly ranked 6th in Wave 1: 2019 or Malta and the UK which are jointly ranked 14th in Wave 2: 2022. [...] But to ensure the Index is representative of the global economy we also include a few select countries with smaller populations but have strong political and economic power on the global stage. [...] Missing values are also reflected in the combined score based on all measures and therefore fall near the bottom of the Index. [...] To do this, we calculated the trend in the ratios between Health span and life span over time from 2000 onwards to estimate health span in 2022. [...] For this reason, and because we have included more countries in our Index, the results have changed since our initial launch of the Index in 2023.