Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not reflect the views and policies of the Council on Energy, Environment and Water. [...] 10 How can Punjab Increase the Adoption of Crop Residue Management Methods? Survey Insights from 11 Districts of the State 1.2 Study objectives In this study, we reflect on the current state of CRM in Punjab, the progress made over the last five years, and the persisting gaps and emerging trends. [...] The survey instrument included questions about farmers’ preferences for different paddy seed varieties, the type of CRM method followed, experiences with the adoption of no-burn CRM methods, awareness of the effects of stubble burning and overall outlook, benefits, and challenges associated with the adoption of different CRM methods (Figure 4). [...] Since the stubble is buried in the soil, the field looks clear in the case of the Super Seeder. [...] 30 How can Punjab Increase the Adoption of Crop Residue Management Methods? Survey Insights from 11 Districts of the State 5.2 Of all the in-situ CRM machines, the Super Seeder rules the paddy fields in Punjab Our survey found that most farmers use the Super Seeder (46.8 per cent) for CRM, followed by the Rotavator (29.3 per cent), Zero-Till-Drill (10 per cent), and Happy Seeder (8.3 per cent) (Fi.
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Table of Contents
- How can Punjab Increase the Adoption of Crop Residue Management Methods 1
- Centre for Energy Finance 1
- Centre for Energy Finance 3
- How can Punjab Increase the 3
- Adoption of Crop Residue Management Methods 3
- About CEEW 7
- Contents 9
- Executive summary 11
- A. Key findings 12
- B. Strategies to improve the sustained adoption of CRM methods 15
- 1. Introduction 17
- 1.1 Policy efforts to curb crop residue burning in Punjab 18
- 1.2 Study objectives 20
- 2. Survey design 21
- 2.1 Multi-stage stratified sampling strategy 22
- 2.2 Questionnaire design 24
- 2.3 Qualitative interviews with farmers and agricultural officers 25
- 2.4 Data quality and limitations 25
- 3. How did cropping preferences change 27
- 3.1 Leveraging the rising popularity of short-duration varieties to promote their uptake among reluctant farmers 27
- 3.2 Variety inertia continues in the era of newer improved paddy varieties 28
- 3.3 Variations in seed preferences across Punjab districts 31
- 4. Do farmers burn or bury crop residue 33
- 4.1 Nearly 1 lakh machines to manage stubble yet burning persists in Punjab 33
- 4.2 Partial burning is the new norm in Punjab 36
- 5. Does Punjabs in-situ CRM strategy need recalibration 39
- 5.1 Half of Punjabs surveyed farmers used in-situ machines to manage paddy stubble in Kharif 2022 39
- 5.2 Of all the in-situ CRM machines the Super Seeder rules the paddy fields in Punjab 40
- 5.3 Individually owned CRM machines were seldom rented out to earn additional income 40
- 5.4 Renting popular CRM machines was common among small and marginal farmers 41
- 5.5 Farmers mostly preferred their immediate social networks to rent CRM machines 42
- 5.6 Renting CRM machines along with a tractor is more common 42
- 5.7 Promotion of mobile applications such as i-Khet for renting CRM machines needs a reboot 43
- 6. Are farmers satisfied with in-situ CRM methods 45
- 6.1 Renting a well-maintained CRM machine on time is challenging 45
- 6.2 Adoption of standard operating procedures while using in-situ methods is missing 46
- 7. Can ex-situ CRM methods gain traction among farmers 49
- 7.1 Biomass collection through aggregators dominates the ex-situ ecosystem 49
- 7.2 Lack of formal purchase contract weakens trust among farmers 50
- 7.3 Delay in residue collection and not receiving payments for crop stubble results in dissatisfaction among farmers 51
- 8. Conclusion and policy recommendations for the sustained adoption of CRM methods 53
- 8.1 Strategies to promote varietal diversification 54
- 8.2 Strategies for wider adoption of in-situ methods 54
- 8.3 Strategy to promote ex-situ methods in regions that have biomass end-users 56
- Acronyms 57
- References 58
- Annexure A1 Categorisation of Punjabs districts using farm fires 61
- Annexures 61
- Annexure A2 How did farmers manage paddy stubble in Kharif 2022 62
- Annexure A3 Maximum area that can be covered by CRM machines 62
- Annexure A4 What determines the adoption of zero-burn CRM methods among farmers 63
- Annexure A5 Screenshot of i-Khet Punjab app showing the details required for registration 64
- The authors 65
