Environmental and Social Assessment (ESIA) UpdateMay2024 Uganda: Roads and Bridges in the Refugee Hosting Districts/Koboko-Yumbe-Moyo Road Corridor Project (P171339) (English)

Table of Contents

• Republic of Uganda 1
• Prepared by 1
• Uganda National Roads Authority 1
• Updated May 2024 1
• Definitions: iv 2
• 1.1 Background 1 2
• 1.2 Status of social infrastructure in west nile region 2 2
• 1.3 Influx of Refugees in Uganda 2 2
• 1.4 Link between Infrastructure and National Development/Refugee Welfare 3 2
• 1.5 Project Justification 4 2
• 1.6 Overview of The Environmental and Social Impact Study 4 2
• 2.1 Project location 6 2
• 2.2 Project Objectives 2 2
• 2.3 Project Area of Influence 3 2
• 2.4 Design Geometrics 4 2
• 2.5 project resources, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS 9 3
• 2.6 Project Activities 17 3
• 3.1 Introduction 19 3
• 4.1 National policy and legal framework 43 3
• 4.2 World Bank Environment and Social Framework 59 3
• 4.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT 67 4
• 5.1 Physical environment 70 4
• 5.2 Biological environment 102 4
• Cultivated Fields and fallow lands 110 4
• 6.1 Introduction 129 5
• 6.2 Administrative structure 129 5
• 6.3 Average Size of the Households in the project area 130 5
• 6.4 Age group in project area 130 5
• 6.5 Gender and marital status of the respondents 131 5
• 5.6 Ethnicity and Religion 132 5
• 6.6 Primary occupation of respondents 133 5
• 6.7 Access to markets 143 5
• 6.8 Health care 144 5
• 6.9 Water supply in project area 148 5
• 6.10 Energy sources 151 5
• 6.11 Education services 152 5
• 6.12 Access to education services 152 5
• 6.13 Transport and Communication services 155 5
• 6.14 Access to financial services 157 5
• 6.16 Violence against children 167 6
• 6.17 Vulnerability baseline within the project area of influence 168 6
• 6.18 Cultural heritage 173 6
• 7.1 Introduction 190 6
• defined. 6
• Bookmark not defined. 6
• defined. 6
• 7.6 ECONOMIC VALUE OF POTENTIAL BIODIVERSITY LOSSES Error! 6
• not defined. 7
• defined. 7
• 7.10 Distribution of the Environmental Benefits and Costs of the Project Error! 7
• Bookmark not defined. 7
• Bookmark not defined. 7
• 9.1 Overview 235 7
• 9.3 PRe-CONSTRUCTION PHASE NEGATIVE IMPACTS 236 8
• 9.4 CONSTRUCTION PHASE positive IMPACTS 237 8
• 9.5 Operational phase positive impacts 242 8
• 9.6 Construction phase NEGATIVE IMPACTS 246 8
• 9.7 POST CONSTRUCTION PHASE negative IMPACTS 295 9
• 9.8 Environmental and social risks 298 9
• 10.1 Environmental and Social Management Plan Matrix 302 9
• 10.2 Cumulative Impacts accruing from other on-going Projects in the Vicinity 381 9
• 10.3 positive Cumulative Impacts accruing from on-going Projects in the Vicinity 386 10
• 10.4 Valued Environment and Social Components 387 10
• 10.5 Environmental and Social Monitoring Programme 388 10
• 10.6 Enhanced Implementation Support and Monitoring 396 10
• 10.7 Design Measures that will likely Enhance the Project 396 10
• 10.8 Organizational Set-Up and ESMP Implementation Mechanisms 400 10
• 10.9 Integration of E&S Aspects into Procurement Process 402 11
• 10.10 Contractor/ UNRA Management Plans 404 11
• 10.11 Approvals, Permits and Licenses 415 11
• 10.12 Indicative ESMP Implementation Costs 422 11
• 12.1 Conclusions 0 12
• Appendix IX: stakeholder identification, mapping and analysis summary matrix for koboko-yumbe-moyo 12
• Definitions: 21
• Public involvement: 21
• The Project 23
• Project justification 23
• Road Design 24
• The ESIA Process 24
• Key Baseline Features 24
• Key Impacts and Risks 27
• Management and Monitoring of Impacts and Risks 31
• Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusions 33
• Figure 1: Current status of most sections the road project 35
• Source: The Republic Of Uganda Data Collection Survey On Social Infrastructure Needs Of Refugee-Hosting Communities In Northern Uganda. Final Report, JICA July 2018. 37
• Figure 2: Locational Map of Koboko–Yumbe–Moyo Road 41
• Table 2: Relaxed Direct Impact Zones 43
• Table 3: Terrain Classification on Koboko-Yumbe –Moyo Road 45
• Table 4: Design Speed 46
• Table 5: Design Speed and Passing distances 47
• Table 6: Intersections, Junctions and Roundabout 47
• Table 7: Cross Drainage Structures 49
• Figure 3: A cross-section of typical road construction equipment 50
•  Purposive sampling 60
•  Simple random sampling of Household Heads 61
• Figure 4: District Consultation meetings 65
• Figure 7: Meetings documentation during ESIA study 70
• Information Disclosure 71
• Table 10: Details of noise investigation areas 75
• Figure 8: Sampled sites along Koboko-Yumbe-Moyo Road 77
• Figure 9: Monitoring of Air quality at Likidobo village 78
• Figure 10: Set up for noise measurements 80
• Figure 11: Field measurements for vibrations 80
• Table 11: Details of sites for water in situ measurements 81
• Table 12: Criteria for determining impact significance 84
• Table 13: Summary of Policies and Legislations Applicable to the Road Project 86
• Table 14: Summary of project categorization based on ESF 2017 102
• Resource efficiency issues 104
• Pollution Prevention and Management issues 105
• Community Health and Safety 105
• Table 15: Relevant institutions for proposed road rehabilitation and upgrade 109
• Figure 13: Topography of the Project Areas 113
• Figure 14: Geological Formations of the Project Area. 115
• Figure 15: Soils of the Project Area 117
• Figure 16: Mean monthly rainfall amount for Recorded at Arua (2000-2009) 118
• Figure 17: Mean Daily Maximum and Minimum temperatures for Arua (2013) 119
• Table 16: Temperature and Humidity Measurements at Selected Location 119
• Figure 18: Variation of Temp and Humidity with time at Mindrabe Primary School 121
• Figure 19: Variation of Temp and Humidity with time at Mindrabe Primary School 121
• Figure 20: Variation of Temp and Relative Humidity at Yumbe HC IV 122
• Figure 21: Drainage Map of the project area. 123
• Figure 22: Air Quality Monitoring 124
• Table 17: Concentration of Particulate Matter at selected air monitoring points 124
• Figure 23: Vehicles that are responsible for resuspension of dust in Kuru Trading Center 126
• Figure 25: Graphs showing variation of PM10 and PM2.5 with time of the day at Lokopoi Hills Technical Institute. 127
• Table 18: Concentration of gases at Sensitive Receptors. 127
• Figure 26: Open cooking in Likidobo village emitting smoke containing Carbon Monoxide 129
• Figure 27: Variation of different gases with time at selected monitoring locations 130
• Figure 28: Noise measurements using the Casella CEL-633B Sound Meter 131
• Table 19: Summary of Baseline Noise levels at selected monitoring points 133
• Table 20: Eria Church Noise Levels 134
• Figure 29: Relationship between parameters at Eria Church 135
• Figure 30: LAeq at Eria Church 135
• Figure 31: LAFmax at Eria Church 136
• Figure 32: LAeq at Kuru Trading Centre 136
• Figure 34: Relationship of different noise parameters at Mindrabe Primary School 137
• Figure 35: LAeq at Mindrabe Primary School 138
• Figure 37: LAeq at Yumbe HC IV 139
• Figure 38: LAFmax at Yumbe HC IV 139
• Table 24: Vibration Measurements at Selected Receptors 139
• Figure 39: Variation of PPV with time of the day at Yumbe HC IV 140
• Gborokolongo Health Center III 141
• Figure 41: Vibration Measurements at Gborokolongo Health Center III 141
• Figure 44: Vibration Measurements at Eria Catholic Church 143
• Table 25: Water quality Measurements at Selected Receptors 143
•  Central Forest Reserves 144
• Table 26: Summary of CFRs Plant Species 145
• Figure 45: Road scenes through the CFR 146
•  Woodlands 149
• Figure 49: Road through open woodlands 150
• Figure 50: Part of open grasslands 150
• Riverbanks and Seasonal Wetlands 151
• Figure 51: Typical riverine vegetation 152
• Figure 52: Roadside trees in areas of Lodonga Village, Yumbe District 152
•  Species Richness 155
• Table 28: Number Butterfly Species recorded in the project area 155
•  Species Richness 158
• Table 30: Amphibian species richness by families and genera 158
•  Species Richness 160
• Table 33: Reptile species recorded along Koboko-Yumbe-Moyo road 160
• Figure 59: Some of the Reptiles species encountered during the survey 162
• Table 35: Shannon Wiener Diversity Indices for Reptile fauna A long KYM Road 162
• Table 36: Bird species List encountered during the survey 163
• Figure 60: Some of the Bird species encountered during the survey 167
• Table 37: Shannon Wiener Diversity Index for Bird fauna A long KYM Road 167
• Table 38: Mammal Species recorded during the survey 169
• Table 39: Genera and number of species represented by each mammal families 169
• Table 40: Shannon Wiener Diversity Index for Mammal fauna A long KYM Road 170
• Table 41: Local Government Structure in Uganda 171
• Table 42: Average number of people living within the household 172
• Table 43: Age group of respondents 172
• Table 44: Gender and Marital Status 173
• Table 45: Number of spouses 174
• Table 46: Tribes in the project area 174
• Table 47: Religious beliefs of the affected people 175
• Table 48: Religious beliefs of the affected people 175
• Figure 61: Typical crop grown in the project area Table 49: Typically grown crops in the districts 176
• Table 50: Animals reared in the project areas 177
• Table 51: Typically grown trees 177
• Figure 62: One of the boda-boda stage in Sub-county 178
• Table 52: Women groups carrying out roadside business along the KYM road 179
• Table 53: Distance to markets 186
• Table 54: Access to health care 186
• Table 55: Distance to Health facility 187
• Table 56: Some of the common diseases 187
• Table 57: Ways of contracting HIV/AIDS 188
• Table 58: Channels of communication 188
• Table 59: Knowledge on Hepatitis B 189
• Table 60: Health Facilities along the KYM road 189
• Figure 66: Kochi HC III and Lefori HC III 190
• Table 61: Sources of water for Communities in the project area 190
• Table 62: Challenges from water sources 190
• Figure 67: Water sources within project area 192
• Table 63: Distance to water sources 192
• Table 64: Likely impacts on water 192
• Table 65: Sources of energy 193
• Table 66: Education levels of Household heads 194
• Table 67: Distance to nearest Primary School 194
• Table 68: Distance to nearest Secondary School 195
• Table 69: Schools located along the 105km KYM Road 195
• Table 70: Types of roads 198
• Table 71: Commonly used means of transport used in project area 198
• Table 72: Reason for travel 198
• Table 73: Cost of transport 199
• Table 74: Impact of on transport needs. 199
• Table 75: Forms of saving in the project area 200
• Table 76: Source of credit 200
• Table 77: Reasons for accessing credit 201
• Table 78: Decisions women make 202
• Figure 68: Land Ownership in project area 204
• Table 80: Initiating physical violence 208
• Table 81: Institutions/persons for assistance 209
• Table 82: Gender statistics for the project area 209
• Table 83: Vulnerability Assessment for Koboko-Yumbe-Moyo Road Upgrade. 210
• Table 84: Cultural Heritage Sites along the Alignment 216
• Table 88: Summary of the Public Consultations Process 233
• Figure 69: Pictorial evidence of consultations during the Scoping Phase 235
• Table 90: Stakeholder Groups Reached 243
• Figure 70: Pictorial evidence of consultations during ESIA studies 246
• Table 91: Key issues from Koboko, Yumbe and Moyo District Local Government 248
• Table 92: Key Community concerns 257
• Table 93: Key issues/concerns raised by relevant stakeholders 261
• Table 94: Ecosystem services and values in the road corridor 270
• Table 95: Comparative Evaluation of alternatives 273
• Project Alternative Options Considered in the Economic Analysis 276
• Enhancement 279
• Mitigation 280
• Mitigation 280
• Impact enhancement 281
• Impact enhancement 282
• Impact enhancement: 283
• Impact enhancement 284
• Impact Enhancement 284
• Impact enhancement 285
• Impact enhancement 289
• Mitigation 290
• Residual Impact 290
• Impact management 290
• Table 96: Location of potential Borrow Areas 292
• Impact management 294
• Ground vibration – 294
• Table 97: Vibrations standards for Republic of Ireland 295
• Mitigations 296
• Mitigations for dust nuisance 299
• Mitigations for general air quality 299
• Mitigations 302
• Mitigation 304
• Impact management: 304
• Mitigation 305
• Impact management 306
• Impact Mitigation 307
• Mitigation 308
• Impact management 308
• Mitigation 309
• Mitigation 310
• Mitigation 311
• Mitigation 312
• Impact Management 312
• Mitigation 313
• moderate. 315
• Mitigation 316
• Impact management 317
• Mitigation 318
•  Crime, drug abuse and prostitution 320
•  HIV/AIDS Risk 320
•  Sexual Harrasment 320
•  Sexual Exploitation and Abuse 320
•  Gender based violence at the community level 321
• Mitigation 321
• Impact management 322
• Impact mitigation 324
• Table 98: Personal Protective Equipment According to Hazard 325
• Mitigation 326
• Residual Impact 326
• Mitigation 327
• Residual Impact 328
• Impact mitigation 328
• Impact Management 329
• Mitigation Measures 330
• Impact management 331
• Mitigation 331
• Mitigation 333
• Mitagation 334
• Mitigation 335
•  Impacts on Biodiversity. 338
•  Surface flow modification 338
•  Ground Flow Modifications 339
•  Water Quality and Chemical spills 339
• Mitigation 340
• Residual Impact 341
• Impact Management. 341
• Mitigation 342
• Mitigation 344
• Figure 72: UNRA Road Equipment in Minrabe Rorrow Area, Minrabe village 345
• Table 99: ESMP for Koboko-Yumbe-Moyo Road Project 349
• Spatial Coverage of Cumulative Impact Assessment 429
• Temporal Scope of the Assessment. 429
• 8.9.3 Review of Past, Present and Future Development Interventions 429
• Table 100: Proposed Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan 441
• Table 101: Social centres in areas traversed by the road 448
• Staffing 452
• Equipment 453
• Table 102: Types of Grievances and examples 456
• Grievances Management Committees(GMCs) 457
• Table 103: Screening and categorization criteria 460
• Table 104: Grievances Process Flow 460
• Table 105: Permits required by proposed road project development 467
• Table 107: Monitoring Plan for Physical Environment Aspects 469
• Table 108: Commitment Plan for Upgrading of the 105 Km Koboko-Yumbe-Moyo Road to Bituminous Standard Date: October, 2023 475