Authors
Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Bielza, Maria, Guerrero Irene, Angileri, Vincenzo, Assouline, Michael, Bosco, Simona, Catarino, Rui, Chen, Mathilde, Koeble, Renate, Lindner, Sören, Makowski, David, Montero-Castano, Ana, Perez-Soba, Marta, Schievano, Andrea, Tamburini, Giovanni, Terres, Jean Michel, Rega, Carlo
- Catalogue number
- KJ-NA-31-985-EN-N
- DOI
- https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/20814
- ISBN
- 978-92-68-18610-7
- ISSN
- 1831-9424
- Pages
- 176
- Published in
- Belgium
- Themes
- Agricultural policy , Environment policy and protection of the environment
Table of Contents
- Contents 3
- Abstract 8
- Acknowledgements 9
- 1 Introduction 10
- 1.1 Purpose and scope of the document 11
- 2 Context and methodological approach 12
- 2.1 Systematic review of meta-analyses and result synthesis 12
- 2.2 Selection of synthesis papers for the extraction of quantitative data 14
- 3 Results 16
- 3.1 Summary table 16
- 3.2 Agroforestry 18
- 3.2.1 Effects on soil organic carbon 18
- 3.3 Organic farming systems 19
- 3.3.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 19
- 3.3.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 20
- 3.3.2.1 Organic livestock systems 20
- 3.3.2.2 Organic cropping systems 21
- 3.3.3 Effects on nutrient leaching and run-off 23
- 3.4 Low-ammonia emission techniques for mineral fertilisation 23
- 3.4.1 Effects on ammonia emissions 23
- 3.4.2 Effects on the nutrient balance 25
- 3.4.3 Effects on nutrient leaching and run-off 28
- 3.5 Enhanced Efficiency Fertilisers 29
- 3.5.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 29
- 3.5.2 Effects on ammonia emissions 30
- 3.5.3 Effects on the nutrient balance 32
- 3.5.4 Effects on nutrient leaching and run-off 35
- 3.6 Organic fertilisation 36
- 3.6.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 37
- 3.6.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 37
- 3.6.3 Effects on ammonia emissions 38
- 3.6.4 Effects on the nutrient balance 39
- 3.6.5 Effects on nutrient leaching and run-off 40
- 3.7 Green manuring 41
- 3.7.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 41
- 3.7.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 42
- 3.7.3 Effects on the nutrient balance 43
- 3.7.4 Effects on nutrient leaching and run-off 44
- 3.8 Soil amendment with Biochar 45
- 3.8.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 45
- 3.8.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 46
- 3.8.3 Effects on ammonia emissions 47
- 3.8.4 Effects on the nutrient balance 48
- 3.8.5 Effects of nutrient leaching and run-off 49
- 3.9 Soil amendments with lime and gypsum 50
- 3.9.1 Effects on soil organic carbon 50
- 3.10 Manure management: manure land application techniques 51
- 3.10.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 52
- 3.10.2 Effects on ammonia emissions 53
- 3.11 Manure management: manure storage techniques 54
- 3.11.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 54
- 3.11.2 Effects on ammonia emissions 56
- 3.12 Manure management: manure processing techniques 57
- 3.12.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 58
- 3.12.2 Effects on ammonia emissions 60
- 3.13 Livestock housing techniques 61
- 3.13.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 61
- 3.13.2 Effects on ammonia emissions 62
- 3.14 Livestock feeding techniques 66
- 3.14.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 66
- 3.14.2 Effects on ammonia emissions 72
- 3.15 Landscape Features 75
- 3.15.1 Effects on soil organic carbon 75
- 3.15.2 Effects on nutrient leaching and runoff 77
- 3.16 Fallowing 79
- 3.16.1 Effects on soil organic carbon 79
- 3.17 Intercropping 81
- 3.17.1 Effects on soil organic carbon 82
- 3.17.2 Effects on the nutrient balance 82
- 3.17.3 Effects on the nutrient balance 86
- 3.18 Crop rotation 87
- 3.18.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 87
- 3.18.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 89
- 3.19 Cover and catch crops 90
- 3.19.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 90
- 3.19.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 91
- 3.19.3 Effects on the nutrient balance 92
- 3.19.4 Effects on nutrient leaching and runoff 92
- 3.20 Leguminous (nitrogen-fixing) crops 94
- 3.20.1 Effects on soil organic carbon 95
- 3.21 Tillage practices: No tillage and reduced tillage 95
- 3.21.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 96
- 3.21.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 99
- 3.22 Crop residue management 101
- 3.22.1 Effects on GHG emissions 101
- 3.22.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 102
- 3.22.3 Effects on the nutrient balance 103
- 3.22.4 Effects on nutrient leaching and run-off 104
- 3.23 Mulching 106
- 3.23.1 Effects on GHG emissions 106
- 3.23.2 Effects on ammonia emissions 109
- 3.23.3 Effects on the nutrient balance 110
- 3.23.4 Effects on nutrient leaching and run-off 111
- 3.24 Grassland conservation and restoration 112
- 3.24.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 112
- 3.24.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 113
- 3.24.3 Effect on nutrient leaching and runoff 115
- 3.25 Grassland management 115
- 3.25.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 115
- 3.25.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 118
- 3.25.3 Effects on nutrient leaching and runoff 119
- 3.26 Grazing 120
- 3.26.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 121
- 3.26.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 122
- 3.27 Peatland management 123
- 3.27.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 124
- 3.28 Peatland conservation 125
- 3.28.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 125
- 3.28.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 127
- 3.29 Peatland restoration 128
- 3.29.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 128
- 3.29.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 130
- 3.30 Wetland management 131
- 3.30.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 131
- 3.31 Wetland conservation 132
- 3.31.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 132
- 3.31.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 134
- 3.32 Wetland restoration 135
- 3.32.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 136
- 3.32.2 Effects on nutrient leaching and runoff 136
- 3.33 No irrigation 137
- 3.33.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 138
- 3.33.2 Effects on nutrient leaching and run-off 138
- 3.33.3 Effects on the nutrient balance 139
- 3.34 Water-saving irrigation practice in flooded lands 140
- 3.34.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 140
- 3.34.2 Effects on soil organic carbon 140
- 3.34.3 Effects on ammonia emissions 141
- 3.34.4 Effects on the nutrient balance 141
- 3.34.5 Effects on nutrient leaching and run-off 142
- 3.35 Water-saving irrigation practice in non-flooded lands 143
- 3.35.1 Effects on greenhouse gas emissions 143
- 3.35.2 Effects on the nutrient balance 144
- 3.35.3 Effects on nutrient leaching and run-off 145
- Conclusions 146
- References 147
- List of abbreviations and definitions 162
- List of figures 164
- List of tables 165
- Annexes 172
- Annex 1. Metrics considered for the analysis of the effects of farm practices on the nutrient balance 172