The implementation of these articles can also violate the universal standard of human rights since “different schools of interpretation of the Islamic sharia can be used to set the limits of the rights stated in the articles, [leaving] a wide spectrum of possible applications, of which the most extreme without a doubt falls outside the international human rights standard” (Delling 2004, p. [...] Pancasila, which is the Indonesian state ideology and philosophy, and the 1945 Constitution are supposedly the highest sources of laws and regulations in the country. [...] On the right to life, liberty, and security of a person, all preachers in the survey generally condemn the acts of terrorism committed in the name of jihad, with some of them approving the implementation of jihad only in war zones such as in Palestine (in that the jihad can be conducted through suicide bombings). [...] Hanan Attaki offers a more extreme interpretation of the Islamic caliphate, arguing that the period of the Islamic caliphate which conquered the East and the West represented the pinnacle of Islamic preaching. [...] Whereas hudud are punishments implemented for the violation of God’s rights, qisas are punishments fixed for the violation of the rights of humans.14 The punishment in 11 Hadiths are reports of Prophet Muhammad and his companions’ words and deeds in the early period of Islam.
- Pages
- 75
- Published in
- Singapore
