202 - ERF W 4 P s - Traders’ War Against Trade Walls:

The NIMA aligns the supply and demand for foreign currency by regulating the demand for importation in proportion to the country’s exports, aiming to reduce the central bank’s currency injection in the exchange market. [...] For example, the customs rate was 34,653 rial based on the median of what we obtain from the custom data, while the official rate is 43,320 based on the Central Banks’ dataset, and the rate at the free market is 258,540. [...] In Table 1, columns (2), (3), and (4) show the exchange rate at the custom, the official that refers to the Central Bank, and the free market. [...] The trade gap is defined as the inverse hyperbolic sine function of the difference between the reported export by other countries and the reported import by Iran. [...] 13 The sinh(·), is defined as the average of the difference between the exponential function, ex, and the inverse exponential x −x function, e−x.