Although total global migration as a share of world population has been relatively stable, the world is witnessing a rapid increase in the number of high-skilled migrants. After identifying interesting patterns revealed by the existing data, the paper focuses on economic impact on the sending, mostly developing, countries. The initial focus of the literature was brain drain and the potential losses of tax revenue and productivity spillovers in origin countries. More recent contributions, however, identified several channels through which high-skilled emigration might bring benefits to sending countries. Among these are brain gain (endogenous increase in human capital investment) and brain circulation and network effects (knowledge diffusion and global economic integration).
Authors
- Disclosure Date
- 2024/08/27
- Disclosure Status
- Disclosed
- Doc Name
- Brain Drain, Gain, and Circulation
- Pages
- 28
- Published in
- United States of America
- Series Name
- KNOMAD Working Paper; KNOMAD Trust Fund;
- Unit Owning
- People-Soc Prot&Labor Global (HSPGE)
- Version Type
- Final
- Volume No
- 1
Table of Contents
- Table of Contents 4
- 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 4
- 2. High-Skilled Migration Data ...................................................................................................... 2 4
- Defining a High-Skilled Migrant 4
- Place of Birth versus Place of Education 4
- 3. Brain Drain ............................................................................................................................. 10 4
- 4. Brain Gain .............................................................................................................................. 12 4
- 5. Brain Circulation and Networks .............................................................................................. 14 4
- 6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 17 4
- References ................................................................................................................................. 19 4
- 1. Introduction 5
- 2. High-Skilled Migration Data 6
- Table 1 Top 10 Migration Corridors by Stock of Migrants ages 15 and over 2010 7
- Map 1 Immigrants in the Tertiary Educated Labor Force in Destination Countries 2000 percent 8
- Table 2 Stock of Population Older than Age 15 in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Countries 9
- Map 2 Emigration Rate among the Tertiary Educated 2000 9
- Figure 1 Change in Emigration Rate among the Tertiary Educated 10
- Defining a High-Skilled Migrant 10
- Table 3 Occupational Distribution by Education for Those Age 15 and Older 2010 12
- Place of Birth versus Place of Education 12
- Table 4 Tertiary Educated Immigrants in the United States ages 1565 13
- Table 5 Tertiary Educated Immigrants in the United States ages 2565 14
- 3. Brain Drain 14
- 4. Brain Gain 16
- 5. Brain Circulation and Networks 18
- Table 6 Migrants Who Arrived in the United States between 2001 and 2010 and Were in the United States for at Most a Year age 1865 21
- 6. Conclusion 21
- References 23
- Handbook of Labor Economics 23
- Journal of Urban Economics 23
- Journal of Human Resources 23
- World Development 23
- Economic Journal 23
- Journal of Population Economics 23
- Journal of Development Economics 23
- The Economic Journal 23
- Annals of Economics and StatisticsAnnales dÉconomie et de Statistique 23
- Journal of Political Economy 23
- Journal of Development Economics 23
- Economics and Human Biology 23
- World Bank Economic Review 23
- American Economic Review 23
- Small Differences That Matter Labor Markets and Income Maintenance in Canada and the United States 24
- International Handbook on Migration and Economic Development 24
- International Migration Review 24
- Demography 24
- Journal of Development Economics 24
- Handbook on Migration and Globalisation 24
- Journal of Development Economics 24
- Journal of Economic Literature 24
- International Migration Review 24
- Journal of Development Economics 24
- Economics Letters 25
- Journal of Economic Perspectives 25
- Economic Journal 25
- Review of Economics and Statistics 25
- Canadian Journal of Economics 25
- American Economic Review 25
- Skilled Immigration Today Prospects Problems and Policie 25
- Journal of Development Economics 25
- Minerva 25
- Review of Economics and Statistics 25
- Economic Letters 25
- Journal of Development Economics 25
- World Bank Economic Review 25
- World Development 26
- Review of Economics and Statistics 26
- Studies in Comparative International Development 26
- American Economic Review 26
- Economics Letters 26
- The Economic Journal 26
- Journal of Population Economics 26
- World Health Report Working Together for Health 26