Managed Competition: - Meeting China’s Challenge in a Multi-vector World - Franklin D. Kramer

China’s core leadership, ruling the country for long and supported by the people.”21 The protests in Tiananmen Square have (and had) high significance for the CPC leadership as they occurred For the United States and other democratic free market in the context of the demise of communism in Eastern countries, the CPC’s centrality has two important elements: Europe and were shortly followed by the c. [...] Article 1 of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China provides in part: “The defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics is the leadership of the Communist Party of China.” 21 The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China, “China and the World in the New Era.” 22 Zheng Wang, Never Forget National Humiliation: Historical Memory in Chinese Politics a. [...] The state ensures the con- by Western powers and…thoroughly ended the history of solidation and development of the state-owned humiliating diplomacy…and effectively safeguarded State economy.’ Similarly, the Constitution of the Chinese sovereignty, security, and national dignity.”27 Communist Party provides: ‘The Communist Party of China leads the people in developing the social- That narrative is. [...] Nearly as participant, promoter, and leader during the changing a quarter of a century later, Xi was worried enough process of global governance.’”39 about the state of the party to make everyone from senior leaders to rank-and-file officials go back to Likewise, the State Council report on “China and the World class and learn the lessons of the Soviet collapse in the New Era” calls for “greatly r. [...] This is very different from past dynastic weaknesses, the Taiping Rebellion, the long the 1990s when Western financiers were instrumental in civil war between the Nationalists and the Communists, building up state-owned enterprises, or in the later 1990s the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and the and early 2000s, when Chinese entry into the World Trade issues raised by the Tiananmen.