The Centre for Social and Economic Progress (CSEP) conducts in-depth, policy-relevant research and provides evidence- based recommendations to the challenges facing India and the world. [...] Designed by Umesh Kumar Deconstructing PMAY-U What the Numbers Reveal Debarpita Roy Fellow Centre for Social and Economic Progress New Delhi, India Rashmi Kundu Research Analyst Centre for Social and Economic Progress New Delhi, India The authors thank Dr Rakesh Mohan, Dr Laveesh Bhandari, Professor Om Mathur, Shishir Gupta, Dr Janak Raj, and Dr Sharath Rao from CSEP for their insightful comments. [...] Special thanks to low-income housing expert Mr Manikandan KP for sharing his insights multiple times during the course of research, and to Dr Nandita Chatterjee and Amarjeet Sinha for sharing their invaluable insights and experiences on PMAY-U and PMAY-G, respectively. [...] Lastly, and most importantly, the authors sincerely thank the Government of India and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs for making such detailed and regularly updated data available in the public domain on PMAY-U’s implementation. [...] Also, the views and opinions expressed in the paper are the authors’ own, and they remain responsible for all errors of fact or interpretation.
- Pages
- 47
- Published in
- India
Table of Contents
- Table of Contents 4
- Abbreviations 5
- Abstract 6
- Executive Summary 7
- 1. Introduction 9
- 2. Previous Studies on PMAY-U 11
- 3. Data and Methodology 12
- 4. The Performance of PMAY-U Sub-Schemes: What the Data Tells Us 12
- 4.1 Sanctions Across Sub-Schemes 12
- 4.2 Sanctions Across States 14
- 4.3 Sanctions Across City Classes 14
- 4.4 PMAY-U’s Performance in Slum Coverage 15
- 4.5 PMAY-U’s Performance in the Construction of Sanctioned Houses 16
- 4.6 Summing Up Section 4 16
- 5. Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC) 17
- 5.1 Land Ownership Documentation Issues 17
- 5.2 Beneficiaries Find It Difficult to Arrange for Their Share of the Construction Cost 18
- 5.3 Home Enhancements Under BLC Remains Under-Leveraged 19
- 6. Credit-Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) 20
- 6.1 CLSS’s Distribution Across Income Groups and Its Implications 20
- 6.2. CLSS’s Impact on Affordability 21
- 7. Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP) 22
- Financial Viability Issues 23
- 7.2 Land Issues 25
- 7.3 Lack of Beneficiary Interest 26
- 8. In-situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) 29
- 8.1 Business Risks for Developers 31
- 9. Summing Up and the Way Forward 31
- 9.1 Way Forward 32
- References 34
- Appendix A: Central Expenditure and Number of Sanctioned Houses: JNNURM (2005-12) vs. PMAY-U (2015-24) 38
- Appendix B: Overview of the Implementation Structure of PMAY-U 38
- Appendix C: BLC Sanctions Across States and City Classes 40
- Appendix D: Number and Share of Slum Households in BLC, AHP, and ISSR Sanctions 41
- Appendix E: PMAY-U Sanctions, Completions, and Yet to Be Completed Houses 41
- Appendix F: Cost of Construction and Subsidy Required for AHP Flats: Hypothetical Examples 42
- Appendix G: Number of AHP Projects by Type of Land 43
- Appendix H: Varied Nature of Land Disputes in India 43
- Appendix I: Government Expenditure on PMAY-U (Union, State, and ULBs) as % of GDP 44
- About the authors 45
