Economic Security In

China is also the foremost geopolitical rival to the US, the guarantor of security for Japan and Taiwan, as well as a close secu- rity partner of Singapore. [...] It is a reasonable assumption that the need to balance conflicts between international economic exchange and national security is reflected by government policy in Japan, Taiwan, and Singapore. [...] S., in particular with regard to economic security issues. As outlined by the Japanese NSS, globali- zation and interdependence no longer serve as a guaran- tor for peace and development across the globe. [...] In other words, economic security is not primarily about max- imising wealth, as pointed out by researchers from the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS): “It is, instead, about preserving a country’s freedom to act in accordance with its strategic interests and values.”17 The NSS outlines six types of measures intended to enhance Japan’s economic security that can be briefly [...] The Economic Security Promotion Act (hereafter The Promotion Act) has been described as far-reach- ing in terms of how it will affect Japanese companies. In essence, the motivation for the law is to protect Japan from coercion by other countries on the basis of economic dependency. [...] Japan published a national security strategy at the end of 2022, and Singapore has a Total Defence concept that also lays out some of its strategic thinking. [...] Taiwan might not have this documented in a national security strategy per se, but the actions and policy focus of the Taiwanese government make it clear that maintaining competitiveness is central to their national security. [...] The semiconductor industry is important for Japan as well, and tied to its notion of “strategic indispensability”. [...] Economic security for Japan in some ways also echoes the EU concept of strategic autonomy. [...] Today, the EU and its member states face similar challenges, and concepts such as strategic autonomy or economic security will in all likelihood continue to be at the fore of European debates for the foreseeable future.