Living Evidence Synthesis 17.2 - Effectiveness of Hand Hygiene to Reduce the Transmission of Respiratory Infectious Diseases in the Community

Table of Contents

• 1 Executive Summary 2
• 1.1 Purpose 2
• 1.2 Research questions 2
• 1.3 Approach 2
• 1.4 Summary of Findings 3
• 1.4.1 Findings about the primary outcome: respiratory infectious disease associated infection or transmission. 3
• 1.4.2 Findings about the secondary outcome: respiratory infectious disease associated hospitalization or death. 5
• 1.4.3 Findings about the secondary outcome: viruses from respiratory infectious disease on hands. 5
• 1.5 Conclusion 5
• 2 Context for synthesizing evidence about public health and social measures 7
• 3 Abbreviations 12
• 4 Methods 13
• 4.1 Literature Search Methods 13
• 4.2 Study Selection 14
• 4.3 Data Extraction 15
• 4.4 Quality Assessment 15
• 4.5 Data Analysis 15
• 5 Results 16
• 5.1 RCTs and Observational Studies 17
• 5.1.1 Characteristics of included RCTs and observational studies 17
• 5.2 Randomized controlled trials comparing hand hygiene to standard practices 18
• 5.3 Randomized controlled trials comparing hand hygiene to lifestyle education 20
• 5.4 Observational studies assessing the practice of hand hygiene 21
• 5.4.1 Observational before and after studies 22
• 5.4.2 Observational cohort studies 22
• 5.4.3 Observational case-control studies 23
• 5.4.4 Observational cross-sectional studies 24
• 5.5 Studies comparing hand hygiene products 26
• 5.6 Studies comparing the frequency of hand hygiene 26
• 5.7 Studies comparing the timing of hand hygiene 31
• 6 Modeling studies 35
• 6.1 Characteristics of included modeling studies 35
• 6.2 Results 36
• 6.2.1 Modeling studies on hand hygiene practices 36
• 6.2.2 Modeling studies comparing the frequency of hand hygiene 38
• 6.2.3 Modeling studies comparing the timing of hand hygiene 38
• 7 Population subgroups of interest 39
• 7.1 Children 39
• 8 Sex and gender in this literature 40
• 9 Limitations 41
• 10 Conclusions 43
• 11 Acknowledgements 44
• 12 References 45
• 13 Appendices 50
• 13.1 Appendix A: PRISMA Checklist 50
• 13.2 Appendix B: Literature search strategies 54
• 13.3 Appendix C: Excluded studies 102
• 13.3.1 Excluded hand hygiene studies from healthcare settings 102
• 13.3.2 Excluded multi-component interventions 106
• 13.3.3 Excluded studies at full text review with reasons 106
• 13.4 Appendix D: Characteristics of included studies 114
• 13.5 Appendix E: Risk of bias assessments 136
• 13.5.1 Risk of bias for randomized control trials 136
• 13.5.2 Risk of bias for non-randomized studies 137