Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Eastern Türkiye Middle Corridor Railway Development Project (P179128) (English)

Table of Contents

• 4.8.1.1 Flora 7
• 4.8.1.2 Fauna 46
• 4.8.1.3 Invasive Alien Species 47
• 4.8.2 Critical Habitat Assessment 48
• 4.8.2.1 Critical Habitat Concept 48
• 4.8.2.2 Critical Habitat Methodology 49
• Criterion 1 Critical CR andor Endangered EN Species 49
• Criterion 2 Endemic andor Restricted-Range Species 50
• Criterion 3 Migratory or Congregatory Species 50
• Criterion 4 Highly Threatened or Unique Ecosystems 50
• Criterion 5 Key Evolutionary Processes 51
• 4.8.2.3 Critical Habitat Triggering Biodiversity Features 51
• 4.8.3 Ecosystem Services Review 54
• 4.9 Impact Assessment 55
• 1. Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Barrier Effect 55
• 2. Animal Mortality 55
• 3. Environmental Impacts 55
• 4.9.1 Land Preparation and Construction Phase 55
• 4.9.2 Operation Phase 57
• 4.9.3 Mitigation Hierarchy 58
• 4.9.4 Receptor Sensitivity 59
• 4.10 Potential Impact Significances and Mitigation Measures 60
• 4.11 Project Standards and Methodology 63
• 4.11.1 Project Standards 63
• 4.11.2 Methodology 63
• 4.11.2.1 Identification of Social Impact Area 63
• 4.11.2.2 Identification of Stakeholders 64
• 4.11.2.2.1 Step 1 Directly affected PAPs 65
• Additional for 1st Phase of Social Survey 66
• Studies 66
• Areas visited despite not being within the project scope Six Units 66
• 5th row 15th row 66
• Rows 7 8 and 9 66
• 13th row 66
• 15th row 29 35 66
• Areas visited despite not being within the methodology scope 3 units 66
• 35 38 66
• 4.11.2.2.2 Step 2 Indirectly affected PAPs 68
• 4.11.2.2.3 Step 3 Other Interested Parties 68
• 4.11.2.2.4 Step 4 Sensitive Groups 68
• 4.11.2.2.5 Vulnerable Groups 68
• Non-Turkish speaker people 68
• Elderly people aged 65 and above elderly 69
• Disabled people 69
• 4.11.2.3 Research Methods 69
• In-Depth Interviews 69
• Focus Group Discussions 70
• Semi structured Interviews 70
• Household questionnaires 70
• Mukhtar questionnaires 70
• 4.11.2.4 Sampling 70
• 𝑛 𝑁. 𝑍 . 𝑝𝑝 1 71
• 𝑁 1𝑒 𝑍 . 𝑝𝑝 1 71
• 4.11.2.5 Limitations 84
• First Phase of the Social Research October-November 2023 84
• Second Phase of the Social Research March 2024 84
• Heavy Winter Conditions 84
• Difficult Road Conditions 84
• Insufficient Internet and Phone Coverage Network 84
• Wrong phone number 84
• Local Administrator Election Period 84
• Ramadan Period 84
• 4.11.2.6 Impact Assessment 87
• ESS1 Assessment and Management of Environmental and Social Risks and Impacts 87
• ESS2 Labor and Working Conditions 87
• ESS4 Community Health and Safety 87
• ESS5 Land Acquisition Restrictions on Land Use and Involuntary Resettlement 87
• ESS10 Stakeholder Engagement and Information Disclosure 88
• 4.12 Baseline Conditions 88
• 4.12.1 Population 88
• 4.12.1.1 Youth and Elderly 90
• Location Tercan Teachers Lodge Cafeteria - TercanErzincan Participant Information 2 female 1 male - studentyouth 92
• Location Pasinler District Health Directorate - PasinlerErzurum Participant Information 2 female 1 male 92
• Location Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Kemah Vocational School KemahErzincan Participant Information 4 Male Students 93
• Location Selim Public Education Center Clothing Workshop - Kars Selim 93
• Participants 6 Women 93
• 4.12.2 Economic Activities 93
• 4.12.2.1 PersonsGroups Experiencing Economic Hardship 99
• 4.12.2.1.1 Unemployment 99
• Location Selim Public Education Center Clothing Workshop - Kars Selim 102
• Participants 6 Women 102
• Location Sivas Divriği Women Entrepreneurs Focus Group Hüma Hatun Street Project Street 103
• Participants 4 Women 103
• 4.12.2.1.2 Social Aid Recipients 103
• 4.12.3 Education 104
• 4.12.3.1 Students 107
• Location Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Kemah Vocational School KemahErzincan Participant Information 4 Male Students 107
• Location Tercan Teachers Lodge Cafeteria - TercanErzincan Participant Information 2 female 1 male - studentyouth 108
• 4.12.4 Health 108
• 4.12.4.1 PersonsGroups Experiencing Medical Hardship 109
• Location Divriği Cemevi and Cultural Center - DivriğiSivas Participant Information 4 Alevi Men 110
• Location Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Kemah Vocational School KemahErzincan Participant Information 4 Male Students 110
• Location Pasinler District Health Directorate - Pasinler Erzurum 111
• Participant Information 2 Women 1 Man 111
• Location ArpaçayKars Participant Information 4 males - beekeepersfarmersranchers 111
• 4.12.5 Agriculture Husbandry and Beekeeping 111
• 4.12.5.1 Expected Impacts of Project on Agriculture and Husbandry 117