Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Eastern Türkiye Middle Corridor Railway Development Project (P179128) (English)

Table of Contents

• DİVRİĞİ-KARS-GEORGIA BORDER RAILWAY LINE REHABILITATION AND MODERNIZATION PROJECT 1
• ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 1
• CNR-ETMIC-ESIA-001 1
• Rev.05 1
• TABLE OF CONTENTS 4
• LIST OF TABLES 8
• LIST OF FIGURES 12
• ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 15
• APPENDICES 18
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 19
• 1 INTRODUCTION 25
• Sivas Divriği 26
• Erzincan 26
• Tunceli 26
• Erzurum 26
• Kars 26
• Ardahan Border with Georgia 26
• Time Constraints for Biodiversity Assessment 30
• Insufficient Historical Data 30
• Weather-Dependent Field Studies 30
• Limited Alternatives Assessment 30
• Challenges in Cumulative Impact Assessment 30
• 2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 32
• EIA PROCEDURE 39
• Indigenous PeoplesSub-Saharan African Historically Underserved Traditional Local Communities Financial Intermediaries 46
• 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 58
• Pre-Construction Survey and Marking 72
• Vegetation Clearing 72
• Land Grading and Earthworks 72
• Excavation and Material Sourcing 72
• Water Management 72
• Installation of Signaling and Telecommunication Systems 72
• Electrification Systems 73
• Access Roads 73
• Construction of Sidings and Station Facilities 74
• Bridges and Culverts Construction 76
• Controlled Level Crossings and Overpasses 76
• Snow Barriers and Retaining Walls 76
• Waste Management 76
• Occupational Health and Safety Measures 76
• Railway Operation 76
• Routine Maintenance 77
• Vegetation Management 77
• Track and Infrastructure Upkeep 77
• Electrification System Maintenance 77
• Data Systems and Early Warning Maintenance 77
• Emergency Preparedness and Response Drills 77
• Stakeholder Engagement 77
• Waste Management 77
• Occupational Health and Safety 77
• Continuous Improvement 78
• Winter Weather Preparedness 78
• Rail Traffic Management 78
• Community Livability Initiatives 78
• Energy Efficiency Considerations 78
• 4 ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL BASELINE IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 81
• PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 81
• 4.1.2.2.1 Major Soil Groups 85
• Alluvial Soils A 85
• Brown Soils B 86
• Chestnut Colored Soils CE 86
• Colluvial Soils K 86
• Brown Forest Soils M 86
• Basaltic Soils X 86
• Non-Calcareous Brown Forest Soils N 86
• 4.1.2.2.2 Soil Erosion 87
• 4.1.2.2.3 Soil Quality 87
• Table-1 for the relevant pollutants in Section 15.1 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Law 88
• 4.1.2.3.1 Tectonism 93
• North Anatolian Fault Zone NAFZ 95
• East Anatolian Fault Zone EAFZ 95
• 4.1.2.3.2 Seismicity 95
• 4.1.2.3.3 Landslide 98
• 4.1.2.3.4 Geosite Geological Heritage 100