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Table of Contents

• Background 10
• Figure 1 11
• Timeline of the major survey activities. 11
• Outline Of the Need And Readiness Survey 17
• Figure 1 19
• The first survey using Google Forms. 19
• Figure 2 22
• The secondary survey using Priority Sheet. 22
• Survey Results 23
• Figure 1 23
• GHG emissions from agriculture in eight member economies. 23
• Figure 2 30
• Carbon credit trading mechanism and emission reduction program, with types of registered agricultural projects. 30
• Figure 3 31
• Registration and type of agricultural projects in the CDM in eight member economies. 31
• Figure 4 32
• Registration and type of agricultural projects in the VCS by eight member economies. 32
• Figure 5 33
• Registration and type of agricultural projects in the GS by eight member economies. 33
• Figure 6 34
• Participation of member economies in Puro Earth. 34
• Figure 7 35
• Participation of eight member economies in the JCM and the Klik. 35
• Figure 8 36
• Availability of the MRV system and the VVB in eight member economies. 36
• Figure 9 38
• Importance of methodology for calculating and reporting the reduction of methane emissions. 38
• Figure 10 39
• Availability of shared or approved methodology for calculating and reporting the reduction in methane emissions. 39
• Figure 11 40
• Importance of the methodology for calculating and reporting carbon stock in agricultural soils. 40
• Figure 12 43
• Importance of soil carbon sequestration visualization tool in eight member economies. 43
• Figure 13 45
• Importance of grid-based agro-meteorological data system in eight member economies. 45
• Pilot Project In 2024 62
• Figure 1 63
• Goal of a pilot project in 2024 in Thailand and planned activities of the COE on CSA. 63
• Background 10
• Table 1 13
• Schedule of the first day of the International Conference on Climate-smart Agriculture. 13
• Table 2 14
• Schedule of the second day of the International Conference on Climate-smart Agriculture. 14
• Table 3 16
• Schedule of the third day of the International Conference on Climate-smart Agriculture. 16
• Outline Of the Need And Readiness Survey 17
• Table 1 17
• Size of major agricultural industries and GHG emissions in the eight target member economies. 17
• Survey Results 23
• Table 1 38
• Types and technologies practiced to reduce methane emissions from paddy soils. 38
• Table 2 41
• Outlook of biochar for soil carbon sequestration, materials needed, and challenges. 41
• Table 3 43
• Potential datasets for the Soil Carbon Sequestration Visualization Tool. 43
• Table 4 45
• Availability of grid-based agro-meteorological data system in eight member economies. 45
• Weather data, including timestep and period, available from weather stations in eight member economies. 46
• Table 6 47
• Key government agencies in CSA and their efforts in eight member economies. 47
• Table 8 49
• Key private enterprises in CSA and their efforts in eight member economies. 49
• Table 9 51
• Key universities or research institutes in CSA and their efforts in eight member economies. 51
• Table 10 54
• Key international organizations or NGOs, NPOs in CSA and their efforts in eight member economies. 54
• Table 11 57
• Bangladesh’s top 2 priority CSA technologies, challenges, and possible collaborations with the COE. 57
• Table 12 57
• The ROC’s top 2 priority CSA technologies, challenges, and possible collaborations with the COE. 57
• Table 13 58
• India’s top 2 priority CSA technologies, challenges, and possible collaborations with the COE. 58
• Table 14 58
• Indonesia’s top 2 priority CSA technologies, challenges, and possible collaboration with the COE. 58
• Table 15 59
• Pakistan’s top 2 priority CSA technologies, challenges, and possible collaborations with the COE. 59
• Table 16 59
• The Philippines’ top 2 priority CSA technologies, challenges, and possible collaborations with the COE. 59
• Table 17 60
• The ROK’s top 2 priority CSA technologies, challenges, and possible collaborations with the COE. 60
• Table 18 60
• Thailand’s top 2 priority CSA technologies, challenges, and possible collaborations with the COE. 60
• FOREWORD 7
• Introduction 9
• Background 10
• The Need for CSA 10
• The APO-COE on CSA 10
• The Need and Readiness Survey 10
• Timeline of Major Activities 11
• Assignment of Chief Resource Person 12
• Preparation for the First Survey 12
• First Coordination Meeting of National Resource Persons and First Survey: 12
• International Conference on Climate-smart Agriculture and Second Survey 12
• Third Survey 13
• Second Coordination Meeting of National Resource Persons and Report Preparation 13
• Outline Of the Need And Readiness Survey 17
• Survey Objectives 17
• Survey Targets 17
• Survey Method and Items 18
• First Survey 18
• Second Survey 22
• Third Survey 22
• Survey Results 23
• Results of First and Second Surveys 23
• GHG Emissions from Agriculture in Eight Member Economies 23
• Government Policies for Methane Emission Reductions in Eight Member Economies 25
• Government Policies for Carbon Sequestration in Eight Member Economies 26
• Government Policies to Support Agro-meteorological Data Systems in Eight Member Economies 27
• Carbon Credit Trading and Emission Reduction Program for the Agricultural Sector 29
• Participation in Clean Development Mechanism 30
• Common features 31
• Distinctive Features 31
• Participation in Verified Carbon Standard 32
• Participation in Gold Standard 33
• Participation in Puro Earth 34
• Participation in JCM and Climate Protection and Carbon Offset 34
• Availability of MRV and GHG Validation and Verification Body 34
• Calculating and Reporting Methane Emission Reductions from Rice Cultivation by Water Management 37
• Methodology for Calculating and Reporting Carbon Stock in Agricultural Soils by Biochar Application 40
• Need and Readiness for Implementing Soil Carbon Sequestration Visualization Tool 42
• Need and Readiness for Implementing Agro-meteorological Grid Square Data System 44
• Key Stakeholders in CSA and Their Efforts 47
• Summary of First and Second Survey Results 56
• Results of the Third Survey 56
• Summary of the Third Survey Results 61
• Pilot Project In 2024 62
• Target CSA Technology and Target Member Economy for a Pilot Project in 2024 62
• Goal of the Pilot Project in 2024 in Thailand and Planned Activities of the COE on CSA 62
• References 64
• Bibliography 65
• Appendix 68
• Abbreviation and acronyms 264
• LIST OF TABLES 266
• LIST OF FIGURES 267
• List of Contributors 268