The size of the back- pump (3 degrees F).15 This means that the primary results up needed depends on the size of the heat pump and the lo- 16 for Milwaukee will not include the purchase of a backup cal weather data. [...] For the traditional natural gas furnace, we model unit size At least in terms of the initial cost, the heat pump is fa- to run half of the time during the coldest hour, and we as- vorable relative to a traditional gas furnace in the state, and sume during the warmest heating hour (60 degrees F) the across all areas covered by the data. [...] The duration that the unit runs kee, where the model suggests that a backup is not neces- for each of the temperatures between the coldest and warm- sary, and in other parts of the state where the heat pump est is a linear function connecting these endpoints. [...] The magnitude of the differ- There is not an equivalency between raising and lowering ence for this sensitivity analysis is similar across the six are- the discount rate, as lowering the discount rate by the same as of the state we examine, with slightly more savings in amount to 3% raises the NPV cost by more than raising the Superior, Green Bay and Eau Claire and slightly less in Mil- rate to 7%. [...] The reason for The price per square foot of housing only enters estimates this is because the square footage parameter feeds into both for the housing model, and the heat pump model is based the NPV model (the need to heat a different sized structure) only on the size of home, so changing the price per square and the housing market model directly through its effect on foot input will not change th.
Authors
- Pages
- 21
- Published in
- United States of America
Table of Contents
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 3
- I Introduction 3
- 29836.65 and smallest in the Milwaukee market at 3
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 4
- 11195.74 and smallest in the Milwaukee market at 4
- II Background and Modeling Compara- 4
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 5
- This heated refrigerant then is moved inside the home to a 5
- Dwelling and Size of Units 5
- We use the size of dwelling and shell efficiency com- 5
- Wisconsin on hourly average temperatures over the 2006- 5
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 6
- Initial Unit Costs 6
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 7
- Operation and Maintenance 7
- For the traditional natural gas furnace we model unit size 7
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 8
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 9
- III ASHP Mandate NPV Results and 9
- Sensitivity Analysis 9
- This cost is lowest in Milwaukee at 12842.97 owing to 9
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 10
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 11
- Modeling a heat pump with the ability to be fully opera- 11
- Crosse -10 degrees in Eau Claire -15 degrees in Superior 11
- IV Housing Market Model 11
- We model how the NPV associated with a heat pump 11
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 12
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 13
- We use estimates of the elasticity of housing supply and 13
- Our preferred estimates use a housing demand elasticity 13
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 14
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 15
- Preferred Model Estimates 15
- We expect that some of the incidence of these losses is 15
- Milwaukee would experience the smallest relative price 15
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 16
- Sensitivity Analysis 16
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 17
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 18
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 19
- VI Conclusions and Discussion 19
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 20
- About the authors 20
- The cost of outlawing fossil fuel heat in Wisconsin 21
