A viral metagenomic survey identifies known and novel mammalian viruses in bats from Saudi Arabia

Bat capture, morphological measurements and fecal sample collection were conducted as part of an outbreak investigation and surveillance effort with permission from and in coordination with the KSA Ministry of Health (Zoonotic Disease section). [...] Bastrovirus shared homology to the capsid protein of Astroviridae and the putative non-struc- tural protein was homologous to the non-structural protein encoded by members of the Hepe- viridae family [34]. [...] Based on criteria established by the Picornavi- rus Study Group of the International Committee for Taxonomy of Viruses whereby members of the same species of the Parechovirus genus share> 70% aa identity in the polyprotein region, KSA-403 parechovirus appears to represent a new species in the Parechovirus genus, Picornaviridae family (Fig 5). [...] Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of the (B) VP1 protein for representative members of the family Polyomaviridae (KSA-403) (C) Hexon protein for representative members of the family Adenoviridae with KSA-425 (D) VP1 protein for representative members of the family Papillomaviridae (KSA-416, KSA-424, KSA-433 and KSA-428). [...] The ORF1 non-structural protein in ME Hepe-Astro- viruses contains functional domains of Hepeviridae and the phylogenetic and genomic analy- sis of the ME Hepe-Astroviruses consist with recombination events for previously reported bastroviruses [9, 34].