Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients in the WHO African Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Table of Contents

• Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients in the WHO African Region 1
• Prevalence of noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients in the WHO African Region 2
• ................................................................................................. 3 ................................................................................................ 3 4
• ........................................................................................................ 3 4
• ............................................................................... 6 .......................................................................... 11 4
• ........................................................................ 16 4
• Foreword 6
• Acknowledgements 7
• Abbreviations 8
• Summary 9
• Background Methodology Selection criteria Population Study outcomes Search strategy Data extraction 9
• Qualitative assessment Statistical analysis meta-analysis Results and discussion Conclusions 10
• Introduction 11
• Overall objective Specific objectives 13
• Methodology Inclusion and exclusion criteria for considering studies 13
• Study design Study design 13
• Population Study outcomes Search strategy Data extraction Qualitative assessment 14
• Statistical analysis meta-analysis 15
• Resultsfindings 16
• Description of included studies 16
• Risk of bias for individual studies 21
• Global and regional in-hospital mortality rate among COVID-19 patients 22
• Global in-hospital mortality rate Regional in-hospital mortality rate 23
• In-hospital mortality rate by year of data collection 25
• Factors associated with death in COVID-19 patients 26
• Socio-demographic factors gender 26
• Noncommunicable diseases NCD-related risk factors 27
• Tobacco use 27
• Alcohol use 27
• Obesity 28
• Noncommunicable diseases NCDs 29
• Comorbidities 29
• Cardiovascular diseases 30
• Hypertension 31
• Diabetes 32
• Cancer 33
• Chronic respiratory diseases 33
• Chronic kidney diseases 34
• Communicable diseases 35
• HIV infection 35
• Tuberculosis 36
• Chronic viral liver diseases 37
• Discussion and recommendations 37
• Global in-hospital mortality rate among COVID-19 patients 38
• Prevalence of comorbidities Hypertension 39
• Diabetes Obesity 40
• Chronic respiratory diseases CRDs Chronic kidney disease CKD Cancer 41
• Behavioural factors 42
• Key findings 43
• Clinical implications 44
• Vaccination 44
• Telemedicine Implications for prevention 45
• Data collection measurement and standardization challenges 46
• Research implementation and innovation Consider NCDs as a national priority 47
• Develop an integrated multisectoral strategic plan to control NCDs 48
• Conclusion 48
• References 50
• Annexes 56