Three%20LysM%20effectors%20of%20Zymoseptoria%20tritici%20collectively%20disarm%20chitin%E2%80%90triggered%20plant%20immunity

The absence of Mgx1LysM combined with the ∆Mgx1 strains caused similar levels of necrosis as the WT and ∆Mg1 strains, but also that the ∆Mg1- ∆Mgx1 strains showed no apparent decrease in disease development, suggesting that these two LysM effectors are dispensable for virulence of Z. [...] However, this is not what we teractions at the N- termini of Mgx1LysM monomers, leading to po- observed in the mutant analyses, as these revealed that Mg3LysM lymerization of the LysM effector protein in the presence of chitin. [...] Moreover, even the simultaneous deletion of 3  | DISCUSSION Mgx1LysM and Mg1LysM did not lead to compromised necrosis de- velopment, although deletion of these two genes from the Mg3LysM In this study, we demonstrate that the previously disregarded LysM deletion strain in the triple mutant resulted in a further decrease of effector gene as a presumed pseudogene of the fungal wheat path- virulence. [...] In total, 20 µl of (GlcNAc)6 To this end, conidiospores were collected by centrifuging the suspen- was added in a final concentration of 10 µM to trigger ROS production sions at 2,000 × g for 5 min and adjusting to a final concentration of 107 in the absence or presence of 100 µl of effector protein in a final con- spores/ml with 0.5% Tween 20 for inoculation by brushing on adaxial centration of 5. [...] is supported by the Research Council Earth and Life Sciences (ALW) The copy number of the NAT resistance marker gene was determined of the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NWO) and with qPCR using primers NAT-F /R and ZtβTUB- F2/R2 (Table S1).