An Anti-Racism Framework: Voices of First Nations Peoples

Table of Contents

• List of tables 6
• List of figures 7
• Acknowledgement 8
• Executive Summary 9
• Key Findings 10
• Systemic Racism: 10
• Unconscious Bias: 10
• Historical and Ongoing Impacts of Colonisation: 10
• Over-Policing and Incarceration: 10
• Accountability: 10
• Recommendations 11
• Legislative Reform: 11
• Accountability Mechanisms: 11
• First Nations Advisory Bodies: 11
• Standardised Cultural Safety Education: 11
• Cross-Sector Workforce Strategies: 11
• Standalone First Nations Anti-Racism Framework: 11
• 1 Introduction 13
• 1.1 Context 13
• 1.2 Objectives of the Consultations 14
• 1.3 Scope 15
• 2 Methodology 17
• 2.1 Design and Structure 17
• 2.2 Selection Criteria 19
• 2.2.1 Geographic Diversity: 19
• 2.2.2 Demographic Diversity: 19
• 2.2.3 Sectoral Representation: 19
• 2.2.4 Community Engagement: 19
• 2.3 Data Collection Methods 19
• 2.3.1 In-Person Interviews and Focus Groups: 20
• 2.3.2 Virtual sessions: 20
• 2.3.3 Online Surveys: 20
• 2.3.4 Organisational Written Submissions: 20
• 2.4 Data Collection Principles 20
• 2.4.1 Cultural Safety: 20
• 2.4.2 Five Stones Cultural Framework: 21
• 2.4.3 Trauma-Informed Approach: 21
• 2.4.4 Collective Yarning: 21
• 2.4.5 Engagement with Elders and Communities: 21
• 2.4.6 Confidentiality and Consent: 21
• 2.5 Data Analysis 22
• 2.5.1 Quantitative Data: 22
• 2.5.2 Qualitative Data: 22
• 2.6 Challenges and Limitations 22
• 2.6.1 Geographic Barriers: 22
• 2.6.2 Time Constraints: 22
• 2.6.3 Participant Availability: 22
• 2.6.4 Cultural Safety: 23
• 2.6.5 Intersectionality: 23
• 3 Findings 24
• 3.1 Overview of Consultation 25
• 3.1.1 In-person Participation: 25
• 3.1.2 Virtual Participation: 26
• 3.1.3 Written Submissions: 27
• 3.1.4 Survey Participation: 27
• 3.1.5 Forms of Racism Experienced 32
• 3.2 Findings by Region 33
• 3.2.1 Metropolitan Areas 34
• 3.2.2 Rural Areas 34
• 3.2.3 Remote Areas 35
• 3.3 Sector-Specific Findings 36
• 3.3.1 Education sector 38
• 3.3.2 Health sector 39
• 3.3.3 Justice sector 41
• 4 Thematic Analysis 43
• 4.1 Systemic Racism 43
• 4.1.1 Legislative Framework 44
• 4.1.2 Western legal system 45
• 4.1.3 Sector and service delivery context 45
• 4.2 Unconscious Bias 46
• 4.2.1 Sector and service delivery context 47
• 4.3 History and ongoing impacts of Colonisation 48
• 4.4 Over-Policing and incarceration 49
• 4.5 Accountability 49
• 5 Barriers and Enablers 51
• 5.1 Decision Making 51
• 5.2 Funding 51
• 5.3 Education 52
• 5.3.1 White Privilege 52
• 5.4 Trust 53
• 6 Recommendations 54
• 6.1 Sector-Specific Recommendations 56
• 6.1.1 Education Sector: 56
• 6.1.2 Health Sector: 56
• 6.1.3 Justice Sector: 56
• 6.2 Practical Strategies for Implementing Recommendations 57
• 7 Conclusion 58
• 8 References 60
• Appendix A Case Studies 61
• A.1 Justice 61
• References 62
• A.2 Early Childhood Education 62
• References 63
• A.3 Health Practitioners Professional Practice and Education. 64
• References 65
• Appendix B Close the Gap Campaign Alliance Members 66