Maximising the Impact of EU Initiatives on Skills

Table of Contents

• MAXIMISING THE IMPACT OF EU INITIATIVES ON SKILLS 1
• CONTENTS 5
• LIST OF FIGURES 7
• LIST OF TABLES 7
• LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 8
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11
• 1. INTRODUCTION 14
• 2. THE FUTURE DEMAND FOR SKILLS ACROSS THE EU 15
• 2.1. The Economy and Labour Market 15
• 2.2. Future Skills Demand 16
• 2.3. Automation, Digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence 19
• 2.4. Skills and the Green Transition 21
• 2.5. Can Skills Supply Keep Pace with Demand? 23
• 2.6. Human Capital Development in the EU 26
• 2.7. Skills, Training and Productivity 28
• 2.8. A Changing Labour Market Environment 28
• 2.9. Conclusion 29
• 3. EU SKILLS INITIATIVES 31
• 3.1. Strategic interventions and action plans 32
• 3.1.1. European Pillar of Social Rights 32
• 3.1.2. European Skills Agenda 33
• 3.1.3. Digital Education Action Plan 35
• 3.1.4. Labour and Skills Shortages in the EU: An action plan 36
• 3.2. Regulatory interventions 36
• 3.2.1. Council Recommendation on A Bridge to Jobs – Reinforcing the Youth Guarantee 37
• 3.2.2. Council Recommendation on Vocational Education and Training (VET) for Sustainable Competitiveness, Social Fairness and Resilience 37
• 3.2.3. Council Recommendation on Individual Learning Accounts 38
• 3.2.4. Council Recommendations on a European approach to Micro-credentials for Lifelong Learning and Employability 38
• 3.2.5. Council Recommendation on Improving the Provision of Digital Skills and Competences in Education and Training 39
• 3.2.6. Council Recommendation on the Key Enabling Factors for Successful Digital Education and Training 39
• 3.2.7. Communication on Attracting Skills and Talent to the EU 39
• 3.3. Cooperation and awareness raising initiatives 40
• 3.3.1. Pact for Skills 40
• 3.3.2. Blueprint Alliances 40
• 3.3.3. European Alliance for Apprenticeships 41
• 3.3.4. The European Year of Skills 41
• 3.4. The delivery of skills 41
• 3.4.1. Centres of Vocational Excellence 41
• 3.4.2. Net-Zero Industry Academies 42
• 3.4.3. European Quality Assurance in Vocational Education and Training 42
• 3.4.4. Europass 42
• 3.5. Initiatives related to digital skills 43
• 3.6. Sources of financial support for various skills initiatives 44
• 3.6.1. Financial support for skills initiatives and actions at the EU level 44
• 3.6.2. Financial support for skills initiatives and actions in the Member States 45
• 3.6.3. Financial support for skills initiatives and actions to facilitate the green transition of regions and sectors 46
• 3.7. Conclusion: how various initiatives respond to emerging skill needs across the EU 46
• 3.7.1. A synopsis of recent EU initiatives 46
• 3.7.2. Take-up and adoption 48
• 3.7.3. Policy gaps 50
• 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 52
• 4.1. The challenge facing the EU 52
• 4.2. The EU's response 52
• 4.2.1. Current policy focus of the EU Skills Initiatives 52
• 4.2.2. The future focus of the EU Skills Initiatives 54
• 4.3. Recommendations 55
• 4.4. A final comment 56
• REFERENCES 56