This publication includes analysis of the National Pupil Database (NPD): The Department for Education is responsible for the collation and management of the NPD and is the Data Controller of NPD data. [...] Yet there is a major shortage in the supply of STEM skills and there are systematic differences in the representation of different characteristic groups in the STEM labour market. [...] After adjusting for observable pupil characteristics, around 6.6% of the remaining variance in the likelihood of progressing to STEM level 3 is due to differences in the school attended. [...] First, we review the existing literature on the evolution of the STEM education in England, the likely drivers of STEM participation post-16, and the difference in progression rates by pupil characteristics. [...] Figure 1.4 shows differences in participation and attainment for A level subjects in 2022: STEM subjects are highlighted in light green, and the size of the bubble corresponds to number of entrants.
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