EU-Norway relations in fisheries: An overview of the northern fisheries agreements

Describing the complex network of fisheries agreements between the EU and Norway, this briefing also offers an overview of the other fisheries agreements concluded by the EU in the North-East Atlantic. The very first EU fisheries regulations were adopted in 1970 in anticipation of the accession of the United Kingdom, Denmark, Ireland and Norway to the European Communities (EC). Ultimately, Norway rejected EC membership, a decision in which fisheries considerations played an important part. The late 1970s saw a shift in fisheries management with the creation of exclusive economic zones (EEZs), which extended national waters up to 200 nautical miles from the coastline. Following the establishment of EEZs, the EC negotiated fisheries agreements with Norway, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Iceland, each with its own arrangements owing to their unique relationship with the Communities. The 1980 Fisheries Agreement with Norway is particularly important for the joint management of shared stocks and the continuation of long-standing fishing activities. It is implemented through annual arrangements. The UK's departure from the EU has altered fisheries relations in the North-East Atlantic significantly, requiring new agreements and negotiations, including with Norway. The 'northern' fisheries agreements are closely linked to trade relations, as the EU imports most of its seafood, and northern countries (especially Norway) are important seafood suppliers. In its negotiations with third countries, the EU can use its power as a lucrative market for fisheries and aquaculture products.