Africa Climate Security Risk Assessment - Eastern Africa

In South Sudan, of lakes in and around the East African Rift Valley, approximately 95 per cent of the population depend and include some of the largest lakes and freshwa- on rainfed agriculture, pastoralism and animal hus- ter bodies on the African continent, including Lake bandry for their livelihoods (NUPI and SIPRI 2021). [...] In term effectiveness of the peace deal to end violence areas of the Horn of Africa, this has led to a sharp in the region (Center for Preventive Action 2023; increase in the number of heatwaves and a higher Pilling and Schipani 2023). [...] On the one hand, Eastern Africa is highly depend- Charcoal-associated deforestation is estimated ent on the import of many staple food products, to have caused the loss of around 2.7 per cent of which makes access to and the affordability of trees in Somalia in just two years between 2011 food in the region susceptible to global food price and 2013 (Bolognesi et al. [...] In the case of the Comoros, communities have identified the growing access to more than 3,000 homes and nearly 80 per cent of international livestock black markets as one of the the archipelago’s crops were destroyed when trop- drivers of the intensification of cattle raiding activi- ical Cyclone Kenneth made landfall in April 2019, ties in the area (Medina and Caroli et al. [...] In some coastal areas, port development is negatively affecting the integ- The increase in industrial fishing vessel intrusions rity and water quality of fish habitats, such as coral have also contributed to the emergence of and reefs and mangroves, thus affecting the small-scale rise in piracy in the region (Belhabib et al.