• Funding for projects with air quality co-benefits that do not explicitly target air quality but that are likely to improve air quality outcomes through planned activities (hereafter referred to as funding with air quality co-benefits).ii Both these types of funding are important components of the air quality landscape. [...] • The Asian Development Bank (ADB) launched the Asia Clean Blue Skies Programme in 2022 with $1.5 million for the first phase.20 The programme seeks to build the capacity of ADB recipient countries in designing and implementing air quality improvement solutions, and scaling up financing for air quality in the region.21 The programme would also develop air quality monitoring networks, train air qua. [...] The State of Global Air Quality Funding 2024 31 This section analyses the sub-set of international development funding flows that address both air quality and climate, henceforth referred to as air quality and climate funding. [...] FIGURE 3.1: RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AIR QUALITY FUNDING AND CLIMATE FUNDING Air quality Climate and Overall air funding climate quality funding funding BETWEEN 2018 AND 2022, 84% OF OVERALL AIR QUALITY FUNDING ($94 BILLION OUT OF $112 BILLION) WAS DIRECTED TO PROJECTS THAT ALSO ADDRESSED CLIMATE CHANGE. [...] The State of Global Air Quality Funding 2024 32 FIGURE 3.2: AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE FUNDING AS A SHARE OF OVERALL AIR QUALITY FUNDING, 2018–2022 ($ BILLION) $ billion 35 31.7 30 24.7 25 23.3 21 20 15 11.2 10 5 0 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Other air quality funding* Air quality and climate funding *'Other air quality funding’ refers to air quality funding that does not address climate change.
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Table of Contents
- THE STATE OF GLOBAL AIR QUALITY FUNDING 2024 1
- ABOUT CLEAN AIR FUND 2
- ABOUT CLIMATE POLICY INITIATIVE 2
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2
- CLEAN AIR FUND IS FUNDED BY 2
- ABOUT THE PHOTOS IN THIS REPORT 2
- FOREWORD 3
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5
- TABLE OF CONTENTS 7
- GLOSSARY 8
- ABBREVIATIONS 10
- 1. THE URGENT CASE FOR INTEGRATED ACTION ON AIR POLLUTION 12
- 1.1 AIR POLLUTION IS A DEVELOPMENT DELAYER 12
- 1.2 AIR POLLUTION IS A DRIVER OF GROWING INEQUALITY 13
- 1.3 SCOPE OF ANALYSIS 13
- 1.4 WHAT THIS REPORT COVERS 16
- 2. OVERALL AIR QUALITY FUNDING 17
- FROM 2018 TO 2022 112 BILLION WAS PROVIDED IN OVERALL AIR QUALITY FUNDING MOST 96 BILLION WENT TO PROJECTS WITH AIR QUALITY CO-BENEFITS. 19
- 61 OF OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY FUNDING WENT TOWARDS TRANSPORT PROJECTS FROM 20182022. 20
- OUTDOOR AIR QUALITY FUNDING REMAINS CONCENTRATED IN A HANDFUL OF ASIAN COUNTRIES WITH JUST ONE COUNTRY RECEIVING TRIPLE THE AMOUNT RECEIVED BY ALL OF AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST. 21
- OF THE MOST POLLUTED COUNTRIES SEVEN OUT OF TEN RECEIVED NO MORE THAN 1 OF GLOBAL OVERALL AIR QUALITY FUNDING. 22
- INDEBTED COUNTRIES ARE RECEIVING 92 OF THEIR OVERALL AIR QUALITY FUNDING AS LOANS. 25
- MULTILATERAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS ARE THE BIGGEST PROVIDERS OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDING FOR AIR QUALITY. 27
- IMPROVEMENTS TO THE TRACKING OF AIR QUALITY FINANCE ARE LONG OVERDUE. 31
- 3. AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE 32
- FUNDING 32
- 4. FOSSIL FUEL-PROLONGING 45
- FUNDING 45
- DESPITE A PROMISING DOWNTURN IN 2021 FOSSIL FUEL- PROLONGING FUNDING INCREASED BY 350 TO 5.4 BILLION IN 2022. 45
- GLOBAL INSTABILITY IS LIKELY TO HARM PROSPECTS FOR AN ACCELERATED AND JUST TRANSITION. 46
- MULTILATERAL DFIS DOMINATE LIST OF INSTITUTIONS CHANNELING INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDING INTO FOSSIL FUELS. 46
- FUNDING FOSSIL FUELS CONTRAVENES MULTILATERAL DFIS OWN CLIMATE COMMITMENTS. 48
- FOSSIL FUEL SUBSIDIES 49
- 5. RECOMMENDATIONS 52
- 6. REFERENCES 57