Clean Energy Technology Observatory, Bioenergy in the European Union :Status report on technology development, trends, value chains and markets : 2024

Table of Contents

• Abstract 5
• Foreword on the Clean Energy Technology Observatory 6
• Acknowledgements 7
• Executive Summary 8
• 1 Introduction 12
• 1.1 Scope and context 12
• 1.2 Methodology and Data Sources 13
• 2 Technology status and development trends 14
• 2.1 Technology readiness level 14
• 2.1.1 Biochemical processing 14
• 2.1.2 Thermochemical processing 16
• 2.1.3 Intermediate bioenergy carriers 20
• 2.2 Production and Installed Capacity 24
• 2.3 Technology Costs 40
• 2.4 Public RD&D Funding and Investment 45
• 2.5 Private RD&I Funding 47
• 2.6 Patenting trends 49
• 2.7 Scientific publication trends 53
• 3 Value Chain Analysis 61
• 3.1 Turnover 61
• 3.2 Gross value added 62
• 3.3 Environmental and socio-economic sustainability 64
• 3.4 Role of Companies in the EU 65
• 3.5 Employment 68
• 3.6 Energy intensity and labour productivity 71
• 3.7 EU Value Production Data 71
• 4 EU Market Position and Global Competitiveness 73
• 4.1 Global & EU market leaders 73
• 4.2 Trade (Import/export) and trade balance 73
• 4.3 Resource efficiency and dependency in relation to EU competitiveness 76
• 5 Conclusions 78
• References 79
• List of abbreviations and definitions 83
• List of figures 85
• List of tables 88
• Annexes 89
• Annex 1 Summary Table for the CETO Indicators 90
• Annex 2 Sustainability Assessment Framework 91
• Annex 3 Energy System Models and Scenarios: POTEnCIA and POLES-JRC 107
• AN 3.1 POTEnCIA Model 107
• AN 3.1.1 Model Overview 107
• AN 3.1.2 POTEnCIA CETO 2024 Scenario 108
• AN 3.2 POLES-JRC model 109
• AN 3.2.1 Model Overview 109
• AN 3.2.2 POLES-JRC Model description 110
• AN 3.2.3 Global CETO 2 C scenario 2024 111
• AN 3.3 Distinctions for the CETO 2024 Scenarios - POLES-JRC vs. POTEnCIA 112