Due to this, the steel and cement industries are going to have a significant role in India’s growing emissions in the coming years, as a result of the massive projected scales of demand and production, projected to surpass the climate impact of the electricity sector. [...] To be noted, while green or low-carbon transitions cover a range of technologies from energy efficiency, to renewable energy use, to waste treatment, in the context of this report, we will be focusing mainly on the solutions and technologies which enable the energy transitions of the steel and cement industries or facilitate the lowering of the carbon content of the products being produced by them. [...] The terms green transition and transition to a low carbon pathway have been used to denote this Transitioning India's steel and cement industries to low carbon pathways 3 CHAPTER ONE Context setting Overview of the Steel and Cement Industries in India from an Economic and Climate Perspective Infrastructure is the heart of development across the globe, with its key components being the steel and ce. [...] It is estimated that the loss in volume of production would be about 40-60% till the month of April 2020.52 Further the growth rate of demand for cement is expected to plunge to (-)1% in 2020 and about (-)10% in 2021 (See figure 6).53 Much like the cement sector, one of the major stimulus boosters for the steel sectors is construction and infrastructural activity in addition to the automobile sect. [...] Clinker being the key ingredient in cement, the amount of it used is directly proportional to the CO2 emissions generated in cement manufacturing due to both the combustion of fuels and the decomposition of limestone in the process.