U n - reliable Public Water Supply and Coping Mechanisms of Low-Income

In developing countries, the time spent for water collection is a major contributor to the coping costs, but the magnitude varies across regions depending on the degree of water stress and the socio-economic characteristics of the households. [...] Sometimes due to leakage in the main pipes, the water supply and pressure was affected.4 In another incident, the water supply was interrupted due to planned works at the end of April 2017, a summer month in Delhi.5 Mostly the supply gets disrupted when the plant is shut down due to the rise in ammonia levels in raw water from the river 4 . [...] 6,7,8At the beginning of 2018, the level of ammonia rose to 1.6 ppm, which was much higher than the limit of 0.5 ppm that the treatment plants are designed to treat.9 The situation becomes severe when Haryana, the neighbouring state that supplies water to Delhi, releases lesser quantity of water than the agreed quantity of 450 cusecs of water per day.10 Such issues with the treatment plant lead to. [...] Description and calculation of the coping cost The description and calculation of different components of the dependent variable, the coping cost, is discussed in this section. [...] The results are similar to the findings of Burt and Ray (2014) in the context of Hubli- Dharwad where there is a co-existence of storage water by households despite the improvement in the formal network.