Russia- China Relations and Future Dynamics No 1 – 2021.

Increased Historical Perspective friction under the Trump administration as a The first contact between the Tsars of Muscovy consequence of the US designating Russia & and the ruling Manchu’s of China was in 17th China as ‘rival powers’2 to the US in its National century, during Russia’s eastward expansion Security Strategy, have further pushed the two across Siberia to the Far East till the Pacif. [...] It was the first treaty6 Putin in Apr 2020, praising the “consistent and between Russia and China (in 1689), which effective actions”4 taken by Chinese authorities defined the borders between the two countries in combating the virus. [...] The treaty signed in 18609 with the Chinese communist party, whilst confirmed the treaty of Aigun and further giving arms to Chang Kai Shek’s Nationalist ceded the territory between Ussuri River and party and even providing them with air support the Pacific to Russia. [...] The most important factor of NATO towards East and operations in shaping the Russia-China partnership is the the Balkans made Russia resentful of West’s common desire to challenge the US hegemony growing power and its lack of consideration to and western-dominated international system. [...] The United Service Institution of India was founded in 1870 by a soldier scholar, Colonel (later Major General) Sir Charles MacGregor for the “furtherance of interest and knowledge in the art, science, and literature of the Defence Services”.