Spillover Effects of Immigration Policies on Children’s Human Capital Authors:

While the results are important and insightful, given the aggregation of the data, possible selective participation in ELA test taking, and the lack of availability of the exact test taking dates make it difficult to deduce the real impact of immigration policies due to the likely presence of measurement errors, as also pointed out by Ho (2020). [...] To proxy the legal status of individuals in our sample, we follow the same definition as in the ACS discussed above.11 As the ATUS contains detailed information about the nature of the activity and place, we can explore how immigration enforcement has changed patterns of parental time investments. [...] While the non-response rate in the ATUS is substantially higher in comparison to the CPS and also the ACS, there is no evidence that the higher non-response rate is driven by the refusal of likely undocumented immigrant to answer. [...] To merge the information on immigration policies available on the county level to the ACS data which are available on the MSA level, we use the cross-walk provided by the US Census Bureau.17 Using information on the enactment date of the first immigration policy within an MSA, we construct a dummy variable IEm,t taking a value equal from the first year an MSA adopted an immigration policy, and zer. [...] Taking the average compliance rate of 13 percent reported in the text and the standard deviation of 0.414 of the outcome “speaks very well” in the children-parent sample, the standardized effect size is (0.246 · 0.13)/0.414 = 0.077.