The production, processing, DEFINING KEY TERMS OF and retail of livestock plays a crucial economic role for THE ‘PROTEIN’ DEBATE approximately 60% of rural households in developing countries, and contributes to the livelihoods of about 1.7 In this report we refer to specific sub-sectors and billion poor people.1 The sector also employs as many as 4 types of animal source and plant-based foods wher. [...] Even in Brazil, one of the largest meat producing countries in the world, some 14% of the population identified as vegetarian in 2018.26 In 2018, the number of vegans in the USA was 3% and a further 5% of people identified as vegetarians.27 In the UK, a recently-published 10-year study found that 4.5% of people considered themselves vegetarian or vegan in 2018-2019, up from 1.9% at the outset, whi. [...] Since nutritionists in the 1930s attributed (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the widespread incidence of kwashiorkor, a form of acute UNICEF – warned that the ‘protein crisis’ was a global malnutrition observed in young children, to a lack of emergency requiring urgent attention.58,59 protein (see Box 6), discussion of diets and nutrition in Africa – and later, across the Gl. [...] The resilience of food systems were demonstrated by the differences along the spectrum of livestock production high incidence of COVID-19 outbreaks in meat processing cannot be overstated, particularly when the full range of plants,220 and the resulting shutdowns leading to product interconnected impacts on the environment and human shortages and farmers having to euthanize livestock.221 health ar. [...] animal source LEFT OUT? foods; the fluidity of food cultures; the role of marketing/lobbying in shaping diet preferences THE POLITICS OF PROTEIN ANALYSIS 42 WHO IS MAKING THE CLAIM 1) that meat is embedded in our societies and cultures on AND ON WHAT GROUNDS? multiple levels, and 2) that food cultures are highly fluid and subject to a number of influences.
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