nations, including Tonga and Samoa in the “top ten,” and Fiji, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands—where exposure to natural disasters 1.4 The Outlook for 2022: Risks and the vagaries of tourism require substantial Escalate in the Wake of the Russian income augmentation from overseas workers Invasion of Ukraine (figure 1.3, second panel). [...] In the future, the guidelines are likely information flows among various institutions; to influence the inclusion of remittances in and (c) maximize the benefits of information the next edition of the IMF BOP Manual. [...] In the absence arrangements with Turkey and Morocco, and of a negotiated set of guidelines such as the the United States has similar arrangements Geneva Convention and the absence of a with Mexico and some Central American lead agency to address migration, the UN countries to reduce migration pressures. [...] Box 4.1 Progress in the International that “progress achieved in facilitating and har- Migration Review Forum and a Proposal nessing the benefits of safe, orderly and regular migration is slow and uneven in many areas Two processes important for the implementation and that the COVID-19 pandemic has in many of the Global Compact on Migration are the instances reshaped many aspects of international. [...] Regional Trends in Migration and Remittance Flows 5.1 Remittances to East Asia flows to East Asia and Pacific did not chart and the Pacific declined in 2021 a countercyclical trend either in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic first erupted, or Remittances to the East Asia and Pacific in 2021 following the outbreak related to region ended 2021 with a decline of about the delta and omicron variants.
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