Understanding the policy The scale of migration to the UK is affected by immigration policies, but also depend on other factors such as the state of the economy here and in countries of origin, demand for international study opportunities, and events and crises around the world. [...] (A brief outline of some of the key policies introduced before the EU membership referendum can be found in the Migration Observatory commentary, The State of the Nation: the Immigration Numbers Game.) The net migration target was never reached, and was abandoned at the end of 2019 under Boris Johnson’s government. [...] For more discussion of the economic impacts of migration, see the Migration Observatory briefings, The Fiscal Impacts of Immigration in the UK, and The Labour Market Effects of Immigration. [...] Possible explanations for this decline include the economic recovery in southern European countries following the Eurozone crisis; the decline in the value of the pound after the referendum, which made work in the UK less attractive; and uncertainty about the political climate. [...] For more information on different types of migration to the UK, see the Migration Observatory briefing, Who migrates to the UK and why? Visa data do not tell us how the post-Brexit immigration system has affected immigration levels in the UK The absence of the usual immigration and net migration statistics have led to some speculation that migration reached record highs in 2021 and early 2022.
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