Global Estimates of Modern Slavery Forced Labour and Forced Marriage

Fifty million people were living in modern slavery in 2021, according to the latest Global Estimates of Modern Slavery . Of these people, 28 million were in forced labour and 22 million were trapped in forced marriage. The number of people in modern slavery has risen significantly in the last five years. 10 million more people were in modern slavery in 2021 compared to 2016 global estimates. Women and children remain disproportionately vulnerable. Table of Contents: Executive summary 1 Introduction 11 Part 1. Scale and manifestations of modern slavery 17 1.1 Modern slavery 19 1.2 Forced labour 22 1.2.1 Overview and trends 22 1.2.2 Forced labour exploitation 30 1.2.3 Forced commercial sexual exploitation 45 1.2.4 Forced labour of children 46 1.2.5 State-imposed forced labour 50 1.3 Forced marriage 59 1.3.1 Overview and trends 59 1.3.2 Circumstances surrounding forced marriages 69 Part 2. Ending modern slavery: the path to 2030 77 2.1. Forced labour 79 2.2 Forced marriage