TH3.3: Beyond crops: Towards gender equality in forestry, fisheries, aquaculture, and

(2021, 2) Gender Gaps in Forestry • Lack of women’s rights within community rights to forests • Limited access to assets hinder women’s ability to access the forest to collect NTFPs • Normative constraints to women’s participation in forest governance at multiple levels – formal education and less income inequality related to improved participation • Disparities in participation and decision-makin. [...] • Gender roles, responsibilities, and constraints in livestock value chains vary based on the type of livestock species/product and production system (e.g., pastoral, smallholder or commercial) • Normatively, men associated with more valuable breeds. [...] • Gender gaps in land ownership and access to: pastures, fodder and forages, water, credit, technology, information, veterinary services and products (vaccines). [...] • Context-specific and dynamic patterns: • Strong gender specialization in roles, mediated by intersectional identities. [...] Strategies across four change pathways Few impact studies but… Access to and control over resources Agency • Land*, trees and their products, fish, • Collective action, networks, federations, SHGs livestock and pastures • Quotas, critical mass of women in governance • Complementary resources (transport, • Women’s knowledge and capacities, leadership technologies, credit, information) and services.