Neighbourhood Gangs, Crime Spillovers, and Teenage Motherhood

To address the concern that teenage motherhood might be affected by teenage motherhood rates in the neighbourhood (see, for instance, Chetty and Hendren, 2018a), which in turn is correlated with crime, we construct the teenage motherhood rate in the municipality of assignment as the share of girls aged 13 to 18 at the beginning of the year of assignment who had given birth. [...] The vector Ztr represents a large array of observable time-varying municipality characteristics as discussed above (the log of the number of in- habitants, the share of immigrants from other source countries in the municipal population, the share of immigrants from the same source country in the municipal population, the em- ployment rate, the poverty rate, weekly number of teacher wage hours per. [...] To investigate further whether the allocation was related to some of the characteristics observed by the council, we report in the next two rows F-statistics and p-values for the joint significance of (for the council) all observed and unobserved characteristics, and of all characteristics except for the number of children. [...] We report estimated effects of the overall crime 18 conviction rate and the group crime conviction rate in the municipality of assignment in the year of assignment, where the latter is to be interpreted as the effect of group crime on conviction probabilities, over and above that induced by non-group crime (see footnote 18). [...] The first two rows of each panel report estimates of the overall and group crime rates, and the 25Changes to the age at assignment also change years of potential exposure to a neighbourhood so that the estimates by age group at assignment represents also differences in the potential years of exposure to munic- ipality characteristics.