UNTOLD BILLIONS: - FOSSIL-FUEL SUBSIDIES, THEIR IMPACTS AND THE PATH TO REFORM

“Untold Billions: Fossil-fuel subsidies, their impacts and the path to reform” is a series of papers produced by the GSI with the valuable support of the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. [...] United States section: Ryan Alexander and Autumn Hanna (both with Taxpayers for Common Sense); Gary Bass and Adam Hughes (both with OMB Watch); and Ronald Steenblik (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Finally, this effort and the other work of the GSI could not have been undertaken without the generous support of the governments of Denmark, the United Kingdom, and the William. [...] Toward this end, the GSI is pleased to present “Mapping the Characteristics of Producer Subsidies: A review of pilot country studies,” an examination of fossil-fuel data availability in four representative countries: China, Germany, Indonesia and the United States. [...] Throughout the process, we have recognized two challenging aspects of the work: first, that providing a template for understanding and discussing fossil-fuel subsidies requires the use of country-specific case studies, and second, that when presenting detailed information on single countries we risk giving the impression that the chosen countries are particularly heavy subsidizers of fossil fuels,. [...] Mark Halle Executive Director, IISD-Europe www.globalsubsidies.org THE GLOBAL SUBSIDIES INITIATIVE | UNTOLD BILLIONS: FOSSIL-FUEL SUBSIDIES, THEIR IMPACTS AND THE PATH TO REFORM Page VII Mapping the Characteristics of Producer Subsidies: A review of pilot country studies TABLE OF CONTENTS List of acronyms.