engaged in limited proxy conflict in places such as northwest • The uprising in Syria soon pitted Iran on the side of the Syria11 and western Libya,12 Turkey is otherwise realizing that regime, and Turkey, Qatar, and some other GCC countries re-engaging with Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Egypt, and finding on the side of the various opposition factions. [...] It remains in a state of occupation and and COP28 in the region indicates the degree to which conflict with the Palestinians, and in a state of conflict with Iran Middle Eastern governments have moved to the forefront of and its proxies in the Palestinian territories, Lebanon, Syria, climate policy planning and their recognition that multilateral and Iraq. [...] At the socioeconomic level, the combination of political On the other hand, the Arab-Israeli conflict is largely a thing of pressures such as the Arab uprisings, as well as the the past; Egypt and Jordan signed peace agreements decades socioeconomic strains of oil-importing countries — exacerbated ago; and the UAE, Bahrain (with Saudi blessing), Morocco, and by COVID-19 and the double blows of hig. [...] The inclusion of extreme right-wing elements in the new Israeli government This focus on domestic socioeconomic development is part of and its actions over the past several months demonstrate how the new ethos, as regional powers have given up on dreams attempting to normalize and stabilize the Middle East while the of reshaping or dominating the Middle East and shifted their bulk of the Palestini. [...] The Houthis might opt to discussions on Yemen at the Security Council have underscored resume their military campaign at some point in the future50 the need to resume the political process to take advantage of the space created by the lack of large-scale fighting.54 International exchange.
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