Some options, including changes in ship and rail propulsion, involve emerging technology and systems that are not yet market-ready; however, they need and deserve support for planning and research.10 In this report we address a selection of port infrastructure projects that are possible today or in the near future. [...] Fuel costs comprise approximately 52% of the total cost of ownership (TCO) over the lifetime of a diesel truck.22 Electricity has long had a price advantage over diesel, and electricity prices have been less volatile over time.23 Lower fuel costs and decreasing battery prices are bringing the TCO of electric trucks and diesel trucks close to parity. [...] Operations and maintenance of solar and storage facilities to generate and deliver electricity is represented in the category “electric power generation - solar industry.” Tables 2 and 3 below show the direct employment impacts in the top five industries, and the indirect and induced employment effects of the top 10 industries, respectively. [...] Some ports, including the Port of Oakland, own and operate the local electric distribution system and are the only ones who can make changes to that infrastructure. [...] Rubber Tired Gantry Crane (RTG) Electrification ($412,500,000): cost of retrofitting a portion of the existing fleet of diesel RTGs to all-electric or hybrid-electric, and the replacement of the 32 Fox Chu et al., “The Future of Port Automation | McKinsey,” accessed July 26, 2021, ts#.
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