Fossil-Fuel Subsidies in the EU’s Eastern Partner Countries:Main energy pricing and energy taxation policies in the Eastern Partner countries

This chapter focuses on the main energy pricing and energy taxation policies in the six European Union’s Eastern Partner (EaP) countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine) with direct or indirect impact on the evolution of fossil-fuel subsidies. It also reviews the main macroeconomic trends that characterise the economies of these countries in light of the most recent developments caused by the COVID-19 crisis. Finally, it discusses the energy mix and energy productivity of the EaP economies, as well as recent changes in the energy pricing and taxation policies and their significance for the reforms of fossil-fuel subsidies.